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from the Editor (Alan Marscher, HEAD Secretary-Treasurer, mars...@bu.edu; phone: 617-353-5029)If you receive a hard-copy of this newsletter, it meansthat I do not have a working e-mail address for you.In this case, if you do in fact have an e-mail address, please send mee-mail so that I can update your address. Thanks.The HEAD Web site has been moved to the Web site of the American AstronomicalSociety ( ). It was last updated in early summer 1999,although I plan to update it in December. At the web site, you will find past issues of the Newsletter, information on meetings, links to other sites of interest, and general information about HEAD.We also have an e-mail exploder for announcements of general interest toHEAD members. If you have an item that you would like to announce inthis way or in the semiannual newsletter, please send the announcementto me via e-mail and I will publish it in the next newsletter or, if more urgent, send it out via e-mail to the HEAD e-mail list.This will be my last issue as editor of the HEAD Newsletter. Paul Hertzhas agreed to run for the position of secretary/treasurer and sincehe is (as usual for this post) unopposed, I will stick my neck out andwelcome him as my successor, effective after the January AAS meeting.It has been my pleasure to serve you and only wish that I had time to update the web site and e-mail membership list more frequently!Back to Top
Johannes (Jan) Antonius van Paradijs, a distinguished and prolifichigh-energy astrophysicist, died on November 2, 1999, in Amsterdam, after along illness. Van Paradijs shared HEAD's 1998 Bruno Rossi prize with theBeppoSAX team for his co-discovery of the first optical afterglowassociated with a gamma-ray burst that occurred on February 28, 1997. Hewas also awarded the 1983 Pastor Schmeits Prize for his work on the theoryof X-ray bursts and the 1999 Physica Prize of the Dutch Physical Societyfor his breakthrough gamma-ray burst work.Van Paradijs was a Professor of astronomy at The University of Amsterdam,as well as the Pei-Ling Chan eminent scholar in astrophysics at TheUniversity of Alabama in Huntsville. Jan split his time between theNetherlands and Huntsville, where he worked with UAH graduate students andcollaborated with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory/BATSE team at the SpaceSciences Lab at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. Jan's recent work inHuntsville was done in collaboration with his wife, astronomer ChryssaKouveliotou, whom he married in 1992. He also worked with many Dutchgraduate students in Amsterdam, including Paul Groot and Titus Galama, whoworked with him on the optical afterglow discovery. Other notable formerstudents who worked with van Paradijs include Ralph Wijers, Marten vanKerkwijk, Erik Kuulkers and Steve Howell.Van Paradijs earned his undergraduate and doctoral degrees from theUniversity of Amsterdam, and was a research scientist at the University ofAmsterdam from 1970-1988. From 1977-1979, Jan was a visiting scientist atMIT's Center for Space Research, where he collaborated with Prof. WalterLewin and the SAS-3 group, making major contributions to the study of X-raybursts, and participating in the discovery of the first associated opticalbursts. Jan was named full Professor at the University of Amsterdam in1988. In 1993, he was named to the endowed Pei-Ling Chan eminent scholarpost at UAH. In 1998, Jan was elected member of the Hollandse Maatschappijder Wetenschappen in Haarlem (the oldest scientific society in Holland) andin 1999 he was elected member of the Academia Europea (the European Academyof Sciences in London).Van Paradijs published more than 300 scientific papers, including therecent "Perspective" article in the October 22 issue of the journal"Science", written shortly before his death, on possible links betweengamma ray bursts and super novae. He was the co-editor or co-author of atleast eight books, including the conference proceedings volumes "The Livesof the Neutron Stars", and "The Many Faces of Neutron Stars" as well as thereview book "X-ray Binaries" which is the best and most recent summary ofthe field to which he made many contributions.Many of his colleagues over the years were deeply affected by Jan'suntimely death. "Jan was one of the most knowledgeable, productive, andwide-ranging workers in our field, a master of both observational andtheoretical high-energy astrophysics," said Dr. Jerry Fishman, the BATSEprincipal investigator at NASA/Marshall. "He was near the top of everyone'slist of the world's great astrophysicists." According to HEAD Press OfficerLynn Cominsky who worked with Jan at MIT while she was a graduate student,"Jan was one of the first truly 'multiwavelength' astronomers. He was ableto synthesize optical and x-ray data to see the entire compact binarypicture--and it led him to important physical insights." MIT ProfessorWalter Lewin, a close collaborator said "For over 20 years Jan had a verylarge positive impact on my personal life and on my science." And hiscolleague at the University of Amsterdam, Professor Ed van den Heuvelrecalled "Jan was a scientist of extraordinary caliber. It was not acoincidence that Jan's group was the first to make an opticalidentification of a BeppoSAX GRB: they were mentally prepared and trainedfor it thanks to Jan's foresight. We all miss Jan very very much, as acolleague and a friend."Van Paradijs served on the boards of directors of the NetherlandsFoundation for Research in Astronomy and the European Astrophysics DoctoralNetwork, and was a HEAD AAS and RAS member of long standing. Jan alsospent much time trying to spread his love of astronomy to the public: hewas a long-time director of the Dutch amateur-astronomer oriented SimonStevin Observatory, and he gave frequent public lectures in remote villagesall over Holland. He is survived by his wife Chryssa, his two children bya previous marriage, and by three grandchildren.A special memorial service will be held for Jan van Paradijs, inHuntsville, AL on December 1, 1999. Travel funds for young astronomers arebeing set up in Jan's memory at both the University of Alabama, Huntsvilleand at the University of Amsterdam. Please contact Jerry Fishman(jerry....@msfc.nasa.gov) or Ed van den Heuvel (ed...@astro.uva.nl) foradditional information.---Lynn Cominsky, HEAD Press OfficerBack to Top
HEAD I: Astrophysical Jets, Thursday, January 13, 10:00 - 11:30 amDirected, high-velocity outflows or jets are becoming the norm amongastrophysical sources of high energy photons. From active galaxiesto gamma-ray bursts to microquasars to pulsars, jets seem tobe everywhere. This session will explore some of the recent observational results and theoretical issues illuminating this always fascinating topic.
- Observations of Jets in Galactic and Extragalactic Sources:John Biretta - STSI
- Formation of Jets in AGN:Mitchell Begelman - JILA, University of Colorado
- Simulations of Relativistic Jet Formation:David L. Meier - JPL
- Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy:Rene Ong, University of Chicago
- The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays:Todor Stanev, Bartol Research Institute
- High Energy Neutrinos:Francis Halzen, University of Wisconsin
In the past four months, many exciting discoveries in High EnergyAstrophysics were publicized through the AAS e-mail distribution channel,as well as an occasional Space Sciences Update by NASA. Many of thesestories received extensive coverage in the daily and televised news media,including Time magazine, the New York Times and CNN. In addition, articleswere written about HEAD subjects by prominent scientists, including Michielvan der Klis ("The Buzz of General Relativity" in Science 285, p. 1499) andJan van Paradijs ("From Gamma-Ray Bursts to Supernovae" in Science 286 p.693).A brief summary of non-Chandra related news is presented below. Chandranews is relayed separately in the article by W. Tucker.X-Ray Emission From The Event HorizonASCA observations of NGC 3516 by Paul Nandra, Rich Mushotzky (GSFC) andothers showed evidence for the final plunge of x-ray heated matter into theAGN's central black hole. Buried in the X-ray emission spectrum typicalof AGN was a rare glimpse at a red-shifted absorption feature in the ironK-alpha line. This very highly red-shifted feature was separate from theoverall redshift due to the movement of the AGN itself, and provides thefirst direct evidence for accretion inflow onto a black hole. (See Nandraet al., ApJ, 523, L17)The Energy Output of the UniverseThe total energy emitted by the growth of massive black holes can be 10-50percent of that emitted by stars, according to Andrew Fabian (Cambridge).The X-ray backgroundprovides a good measure of this energy; most accretion power is absorbedand re-emitted in the far infrared band. In Fabian's model, for everyordinary quasar about ten more obscured ones are needed, meaning that thegrowth of most massive black holes by accretion is hidden from view by thetraditional optical and ultraviolet and near infrared wavebands. Chandraand XMM should detect obscured X-ray sources associated with massive blackhole growth. This result received attention at the X-ray Astronomy 1999meeting in Bologna, Italy. (See Fabian, -ph/9908064).Gamma-Ray Burst BreakthroughsIt was another exciting year for gamma-ray burst science, as observersaround the world worked together to unravel the long-standing mystery ofGRBs. Among the newsworthy results:Polarization and Strong Evidence for Jet Collimation Observed in GRB 990510Observations with the new the VLT 8.2-m ANTU (UT1) telescope at Paranal,Chile, showed evidence for polarization in the optical source, indicatingthat synchrotron emission is involved in the afterglow, and measured aredshift of z = 1.619 for the optical counterpart to GRB990510. The ESOobservations were triggered by an alert from CGRO/BATSE and were guided bythe counterpart location obtained with X-ray data from BeppoSAX and opticalimages from the PLANET microlensing team at SAAO (see Wijers et al., ApJ523, L33). Extensive multi-color optical and radio data were obtained forthis extremely well-covered burst, and showed clear evidence for jetcollimation reducing the apparent flux from the GRB by at least a factor of100.(see Harrison et al., ApJ 523, L121). See also the news article by GovertSchilling inScience (284, p. 1251).GRBs Used to Set Limits on the Mass of a Photon, and FrequencyIndependence of the Speed of LightBradley Schaefer (Yale) has used the 220 microsecond rise time of GRB930229 for photons of 30 keV and 200 keV to show that the speed of light isindependent of frequency to within a factor of 6 parts in 10^-21, 4orders of magnitude better than previous limits. His result also sets amass limit for the photon of less than 2 x 10^-11 eV. This result wasreported in the August issue of Physics Today, and can be read in PRL, 82,p. 4964.GRBs linked to Supernovae from Massive StarsObservations of GRB 980326 carried out at the Keck Observatory's 10-mtelescope by Josh Bloom, Shri Kulkarni (Caltech) and others have found adramatic rebrightening of optical emission at the position of the gamma-rayburst. The unique optical light curve has been interpreted as additionallight from a supernova accompanying the usual rapidly fading burstafterglow. The supernova emission brightened slowly as the burst afterglowdecayed, and then disappeared completely after about nine months. Theinitially blue afterglow spectrum appeared to turn red after about a month,lending additional weight to the interpretation. (See Bloom et al., Nature,401, 453, and also the news article by Schilling in Science, 286, p.395.)GRBs Could Be Most Distant Observable ObjectsAt the Fifth Huntsville International Symposium on Gamma-ray Bursts, DanielReichart and Don Lamb (Chicago) claimed that GRBs should be observable farpast the observational redshift limit of about 5, currently held byquasars. New satellites such as HETE-2 and Swift should be able to detectGRBs out to redshifts of 20, providing luminous probes of the earlyuniverse. They also presented evidence that a supernova accompaniedGRB970228, confirming the Caltech group's earlier results for GRB 980326(see Reichart et al., ApJ, 517, p. 692). For further news from theHuntsville GRB Symposium, see the article by Schilling in Science (286, p.893.)News from the Compton Gamma-ray Symposium in Portsmouth, NHThree press releases were issued from the Fifth Compton Gamma-rayObservatory Symposium, held in Portsmouth, NH, September 15-17, 1999.COMPTEL Gamma-ray Source Catalog ReleasedThe first source catalog for objects emitting in the 1-30 MeV energy rangewas released by the COMPTEL team at the Fifth Compton Gamma-ray ObservatorySymposium, held in Portsmouth, NH. The catalog is comprised of 63 sources,31 of which are GRBs, with the rest being persistent emitters such asneutron stars and black holes. The catalog will appear in the A&ApSupplement Series next year (Schnfelder et al., 2000).New Method for Weighing Black Holes Combines X-ray and Radio DataA new method has been devised for determining the mass of black holes whichare multi-wavelength emitters. Insu Yi (Korea Institute for Advanced Study)and Stephen Boughn (Haverford College) used their new technique to weigh 10massive black holes by measuring radio and x-ray flux ratios. They findmasses which agree with previous measurements of the same black holes usingmore complicated methods. A side benefit of their method is thedetermination of the mass accretion rate onto the black hole. (See Yi andBoughn, ApJ, 515, p. 576).First Evidence for Supernova Origin of Proton Cosmic RaysCombining the discovery of a new radio supernova remnant with the gamma-raysignature of pion decay in previously unidentified EGRET sources, JorgeCombi (Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia) and others have reported thefirst evidence that directly links proton cosmic rays to their long-assumedbirthplace. The large, yet weak radio supernova remnant is located in ourGalaxy, at a distance of about 1600 light years, and occurred about 15,000years ago. It was discovered in observations made with the Hartbeesthoekradio telescope in Krugersdorp, South Africa.Back to Top
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