Endocrinology Summary Pdf

[Holly Coffell]

MayoClinic's Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, & Nutrition is one of the largest in the world, with locations in Arizona, Florida, Minnesota and several communities throughout the Mayo Clinic Health System (MCHS). Mayo Clinic's campuses in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota as well as MCHS locations in Minnesota and Wisconsin include more than 50 endocrinologists who evaluate and treat people for endocrine and metabolic disorders.

Mayo Clinic's top-ranked team of endocrinologists evaluate the relationship between nutrition and human disease to improve and maintain a person's health, and are equipped to treat a range of endocrine disorders and dysfunctions. They work closely with Mayo specialists in ophthalmology, otolaryngology, radiation oncology, surgery, obstetrics, transplantation and other specialty areas to provide a multidisciplinary approach to a person's medical problems, including:

The body's endocrine system includes the pancreas, the thyroid, parathyroid, pineal, hypothalamus, adrenal and pituitary glands, and the ovaries and testes. It also involves many other organs that respond to, modify or metabolize hormones.

Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, ranks No. 1 for diabetes and endocrinology in the U.S. News & World Report Best Hospitals rankings. Mayo Clinic in Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona, and Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, are ranked among the Best Hospitals for diabetes and endocrinology by U.S. News & World Report. Mayo Clinic Children's Center in Rochester is ranked the No. 1 hospital in Minnesota, and the five-state region of Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wisconsin, according to U.S. News & World Report's 2023-2024 "Best Children's Hospitals" rankings.

People with cystic fibrosis are at risk for a number of endocrine disorders that impact the quality and duration of life. Many endocrine complications of CF occur more frequently at older ages or in the context of late-stage complications, such as organ transplantation. Thus, these endocrine complications of CF are increasingly relevant as people with CF are living longer lives.

The Emerging Leaders in CF Endocrinology (EnVision) program is a three-year training program to increase clinical and research expertise in CF endocrinology. Adult and pediatric endocrinologists from the first EnVision cohort, along with EnVision mentors and other content experts worldwide, coauthored the Journal of Cystic Fibrosis Supplement, State of the Art: Endocrinology in Cystic Fibrosis. The supplement is comprised of 15 topic-driven articles reviewing the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of CF endocrine disorders. This executive summary highlights key content from the articles.

Disease pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management are addressed. Diagnostic algorithms and clinical decision trees are provided when appropriate, and, where available, CF Foundation clinical practice guidelines are referenced. Key contents of each article are highlighted below.

The Fellowship Program in Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine was initiated in 2003. Currently, one fellowship position is filled per calendar year. This three-year fellowship is roughly divided into two 18-month segments.

The first year of the program consists primarily of clinical training. Trainees are provided the opportunity to master all of the clinical teaching goals as outlined by the board in both the clinical and operating room settings. The unit also has a busy and successful in vitro fertilization program, which carries out approximately 1,300 oocyte retrievals per year. Fellowship applicants are encouraged to view our summary statistics on the SART page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Fellows return to the clinical setting for their final six months of training where they also rotate with urology, medical genetics, medical endocrinology and pediatric endocrinology.

During the second 18 months of the fellowship, trainees spend most of their time working in one or more of a number of basic science settings on the medical school campus in Chicago. In some cases, the trainee may also find opportunities for basic science training on the main Northwestern campus in Evanston.

We participate in the National Resident Matching Program match and adhere rigidly to the rules governing the match. Applications for our REI Fellowship are accepted through the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS). We accept one fellow per year. Applications for our fellowships beginning December 6, 2023, must be submitted through ERAS by May 1, 2024. Our interview dates will scheduled in September 2024.

Housestaff training through McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University provides diverse and challenging clinical experiences and world-class education located in the heart of the beautiful city of Chicago. Learn more via the links to the McGaw website below.

We offer a wide range of resources, mentorship opportunities and training to help our residents and fellows excel as physician-scientists. Explore all of the resources and hear from housestaff who are making research a major part of their career development plans.

Our fellowship in pediatric endocrinology exposes fellows to a broad experience in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric endocrine disease. Study of normal and abnormal endocrine function and application of basic science to clinical medicine (e.g., signal transduction, genetics) is emphasized, as well as understanding the critical role of endocrinology in normal growth and development, critical illness (e.g., DKA, sodium and water disorders, adrenal crises), preventative care (e.g., diabetes, dyslipidemia) and transition to adult care. Fellows develop the special skills of a pediatric endocrinologist including analysis and interpretation of special laboratory tests, stimulation tests (e.g., growth hormone provocative tests), radiographic studies (e.g., bone age) and growth data.

Teaching methods include full participation in clinical care both as consultants and in the outpatient setting, formal clinical and research conferences, formal presentations of cases including the literature, and at least two national meetings during the fellowship. Scholarly activity in the form of research is expected of all fellows.

During the first year, the fellow spends six months on service, one month in diabetes education and five months in outpatient endocrinology. She/he is required to attend the one-week Department of Pediatrics Fellows' Course (ethics, research design and biostatistics, approach to teaching, writing papers and grants, academic career paths) in August. With the help of the faculty, she/he is expected to identify a research mentor and begin to develop a hypothesis-driven research project.

The second and third year fellows spend three months on service and nine months in outpatient endocrinology. They are expected to devote fifty percent of their time to research. Outpatient experience entails at least one diabetes and one endocrine session per week.

Duty hour requirements are strictly enforced. Fellows on service are "on call" from home. They carry the pediatric endocrine emergency beeper 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with two weekends per month off-call. The two fellows not "on call" cover one weekend each per month. Duty hour surveys will be made on a quarterly basis.

Scholarly activity through hypothesis-driven research, either in the basic sciences or clinical sciences, is required. Although some fellows may not choose to pursue an academic, research-oriented career, designing, executing and analyzing a research project develops the ability to think critically, analyze information and appreciate the contribution of research to state-of-the-art clinical medicine.

In order to assure a comprehensive understanding and breadth of experience in pediatric endocrine disorders, acquisition of knowledge through avenues in addition to clinical care is emphasized through reading literature and attending conferences. Content is important, and should be learned in the context of its application if possible. Fellows are actively encouraged to read appropriate textbooks and literature as it relates to clinical care; in addition, they are encouraged to read in the broad areas of pediatric endocrine disease as outlined by The American Board of Pediatrics, Sub-board of Pediatric Endocrinology (available on-line as well as provided on CD).

In summary, the endocrine fellow receives broad clinical instruction in endocrinology and metabolism. In addition, a significant portion (approximately half) of his/her experiences focus on in-depth research training. We expect that the training received in our program will be sufficient to pursue advanced research training, a junior faculty position or clinical practice. This three-year training program is approved for accreditation by the sub-board in Pediatric Endocrinology of the American Board of Pediatrics.

Lifespan, Rhode Island's first health system, was founded in 1994 by Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital. A comprehensive, integrated, academic health system with The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Lifespan's present partners also include Rhode Island Hospital's pediatric division, Hasbro Children's Hospital; Bradley Hospital; Newport Hospital; Gateway Healthcare; Lifespan Physician Group; and Coastal Medical.

Division of Endocrinology has 10 consultants Board Certified both in Internal Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism. As members of an academic institution, we apply the most recent advances to our practice. We also work very closely with our colleagues in surgery, otolaryngology, neurosurgery, bariatric surgery, nuclear medicine, radiology and pathology to provide comprehensive and coordinated care for our patients. Here, we offer a summary of the endocrine disorders we regularly take care of.

The most common adrenal problems referred to our care are adrenal tumors and adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal tumors are usually discovered during a CT scan or a MRI performed for an unrelated reason. While most of these tumors are benign, they can produce hormones which cause hypertension, lower potassium, and increase blood glucose, lead to obesity especially in the waistline. Some of these may have potential of malignancy. Therefore, proper endocrine work up and diagnosis are necessary.

The second common adrenal problem is adrenal insufficiency. This condition can be caused by steroid treatment for various reasons such as lung disease or arthritis or even by steroid injections to joints. On the other hand, many patients who complain of fatigue can be over diagnosed and mistreated with steroids. Adrenal insufficiency is a serious condition and which should be diagnosed and treated by endocrine specialists.

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