Nch Tone Generator 3.02 Serial Number
Argimiro Krishnamoorthy
To determine the resonance frequency of the system, set the multimeter to current measurement, then hook it up in series with the subwoofer to your amplifier, then use the frequency generator to drive the subwoofer. At the resonance frequency, the meter will read the lowest result (sealed enclosure) or the highest result (ported and bandpass enclosures). In the case of the ported and bandpass enclosures, If the measured resonance frequency is not the same as the predicted resonance frequency, adjust the port lengths accordingly. In the case of the sealed enclosure, the resonance frequency can be adjusted by adding or removing stuffing material from the enclosure.
A more accurate version of the above method involves using a resistor in series with the subwoofer system, and connecting the multimeter (set to voltage mode) across the resistor. In this case, the meter will measure the lowest voltage at the resonance frequency of a sealed system, and the highest voltage at the resonance frequencies of the ported and bandpass systems. 1.04 - What happens if the box is too small?
If the box is too small will typically result in a boomy system that appears to have strong midbass and less low bass. Typically power-handling is improved though, unless the box is REALLY too small! You can compensate somewhat for a small box volume by adding stuffing to the box. The stuffing can make the box appear up to 40% larger to the driver. Note that sealed systems are generally a lot more tolerant of variation in box volume than are the other tuned-port systems such as the ported and bandpass systems. 1.05 - What happens if the box is too large?
Typically the low frequency extension of the system improves a little, at the expense of powerhandling. The bass will also sound tighter and "drier", which might not suit your listening tastes. In the case of vented systems, a too-large box may introduce a response peak around the the resonance frequency of the system. 1.06 - Can I use two short ports to replace one long port of the same diameter?
No! The resonance frequency (Fb) is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the port, and inversely proportional to the length. If you increase the effective cross-sectional area by adding another port, the length will have to INCREASE as well, otherwise Fb will go up! 1.07 - What if I'm using more than one driver?
Simple - just multiply the driver's Vas by the number of drivers you intend to use, then use this new value of Vas in the box calculations. For example, if your driver's Vas is 3 cu.ft., and you're using two of them, then use 3x2=6 cu.ft. in your calculations. The exception to this rule is if you're going to use an isobaric arrangement (where one driver is firing into another) - in that case you divide the Vas by the number of drivers you intend to use (normally two). 2.0 ENCLOSURE BUILDING 2.01 Box-building material
Almost any material that has good stiffness and self-damping capability can be used for building a subwoofer box. Good quality 3/4 plywood or MDF are certainly suitable for building a sub enclosure, and both of these materials are usually easy to obtain. Large panels should be braced properly. Place braces asymmetrically across the inner surface of the panels. Don't forget to include the volume occupied by the bracing when determining the design's final volume! For in-car use, fiberglass can be used to build a strong but light subwoofer box, but note that adequate bracing should be used and the use of fiberglass to make any large flat panels should be avoided. 2.02 - Check that volume!
Make sure that you add the volume displaced by the driver, ports and bracing to arrive at a final enclosure volume. This is especially important in the case of bandpass systems, where the volumes displaced by the ports and driver can have a significant effect on the enclosure volume.
You can measure the volume of the driver by
- wrapping it in plastic,
- dunking it in a bucket full to the brim of water until the mounting flange is level with the brim of the bucket
- removing the driver from the bucket and
- using a measuring cup to refill the bucket.
The WW2074 offer a 200 MS/s four-channel universal waveform synthesizer. Each is built in a small case size to save space and cost but without compromising bandwidth and signal integrity. The instrument outputs either standard or user-defined waveforms in the range of 100Hz and up to 80MHz.
As technology is evolving and new devices are developed every day, faster signals are needed to simulate and stimulate these new devices. The four channel models provide the highest bandwidth in their class and hence provide accurate duplication and simulation of test signals. With a wide range of sample clock generators (up to 200MS/s), 16-bit vertical resolution and wide output bandwidth (up to 80MHz), one can create mathematical profiles, download the coordinates to the instrument and re-generate waveforms without compromising their fidelity and compatibility to the original design.
16-bit DAC`s are used for building waveforms with excellent accuracy and resolution which are suitable for the finest test signals that are needed for today`s sensitive instruments. Using the latest technology, you can be assured that the features and capabilities of the four channel models will be useful for many years.
The four channels models have four output channels which are all synchronized to the same reference clock and share the same sample clock. This is not a limitation because the output frequency is a function of the number of points which are used for creating the waveform shape. On the other hand, the advantage of having four synchronized channels is huge in applications that require accurate and controlled phase between channels. Many applications require XY drive so two channels is just what is needed however, for three phase power simulation and four channel MEMS micro engine actuators, the four channel model is the most suitable product to use.
Care to use the instrument as a function generator? No need to fuss with loading complex waveform coordinates, simply select the standard waveforms tab and start generating any one of the ten waveforms that are pre-computed and available for immediate use. Included are: sine, triangle, square, pulse, ramp, sinc and others.
As standard, the instrument is equipped with a frequency reference that has 1ppm accuracy and stability over a period of 1 year. An external frequency reference is provided on the rear panel for applications requiring greater accuracy and stability.
Waveform memory is the internal "black board" where the waveforms are created and reside. Large memory bank provides for longer waveforms. One can use the entire memory for a single waveform or split the length to smaller segments. In this case, many waveforms can be stored in the same memory and replayed, one-at-a-time, when recalled to the output. The memory segmentation is combined with a sequence generator that can take different memory segments and link (and loop) them in any order as required for the test. The ability to loop waveform segments in a sequence saves a lot of memory space and hence, extends the capability of the generator to produce complex and much longer waveforms, which would otherwise require large banks of memory. The four channel models have four sequence generators that can be designed to generate unique sequences for each output channel.
Access speed is an increasingly important requirement for test systems. Included with each instrument is a variety of interfaces: Ethernet, USB and GPIB so one may select the most suitable interface for the application. Remote control of instrument functions, parameters and waveform download is easily tailored to specific system environment regardless if it is just a laptop to instrument or full-featured ATE system. IVI drivers and factory support will speed up system integration and hence minimize time-to-market as well as significantly reduce system development costs.
Normal calibration cycles in the industry range from one to three years where instruments are sent to a service center, opened to allow access to trimmers, calibrated and certified for repeated usage. Leading-edge technology was implemented to allow calibration from any interface, USB, GPIB or LAN. Calibration factors are stored in a flash memory thus eliminating the need to open instrument covers.
The ArbConnection software provides you with full control of instrument functions, modes and features. ArbConnection is a powerful editorial tool that allows you to easily design any type of waveform. Whether it is the built in wave, pulse or serial data composers, or the built in equation editor with which you can create your own exotic functions, with ArbConnection virtually any application is possible.
The Rigol DG1062Z is a two channel Function / Arbitrary Waveform Generator to create high quality signals up to 60 MHz (Sine) with very low jitter (200 ps) and the new SiFi (SIgnal FIdelity) technology. Beside the two analog outputs, the device includes an USB-Host- and an USB-device interface.
The Rigol Function-generators have a sophisticated and easy to use interface and offer multiple functions for all tasks. The menu navigation is very intuitive and all functions and parameters are easy to locate thanks to the graphical interface.
The DG1000Z signal generators can cycle through defined frequency ranges at a constant amplitude and output various basic waveforms at the same time, such as sine, square, ramp, and arbitrary signals.
Harmonic signalsThe function generators are able to generate harmonic overtone signals up to the 8th order, with adjustable parameters such as frequency, amplitude, and phase for all frequencies. Even, odd, all, or user-defined harmonics can be generated.
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