Go down into the crater of Snaefells Jökull, which Scartaris's shadow caresses just before the calends of July, O daring traveler, and you'll make it to the center of the earth. I've done so. Arne Saknussemm
In late June they reach the volcano and set off into the bowels of the earth, encountering many dangers and strange phenomena. After taking a wrong turn, they run short of water and Axel nearly perishes, but Hans saves them all by tapping into a subterranean river, which shoots out a stream of water that Lidenbrock and Axel name the "Hansbach" in the guide's honor.
Expect a fantastical adventure as we plunge deep into the depths of the earth and discover an entire world hidden below. Written with an intermediate band in mind (Grade 3 winds, Open Class Percussion), this show could be a favorite with your students.
For the new study, Ferrick and Korenaga developed a computer model showing how the tungsten and helium isotopes could make the journey from the center of the Earth. They posit that isotopic diffusion, the movement of atoms within a material based on temperature and the size of the particles being moved, can create something of a hotspot highway.
As I said, my uncle, Professor Hardwigg, was a very learned man; and Inow add a most kind relative. I was bound to him by the double ties ofaffection and interest. I took deep interest in all his doings, andhoped some day to be almost as learned myself. It was a rare thing forme to be absent from his lectures. Like him, I preferred mineralogy toall the other sciences. My anxiety was to gain real knowledge of theearth. Geology and mineralogy were to us the sole objects of life, andin connection with these studies many a fair specimen of stone, chalk,or metal did we break with our hammers.
"Never!" cried I, jumping up. "Never shall my uncle be made aware of thedread secret. He would be quite capable of undertaking the terriblejourney. Nothing would check him, nothing stop him. Worse, he wouldcompel me to accompany him, and we should be lost forever. But no; suchfolly and madness cannot be allowed."
My horror may be conceived. I resolved however to show no fear.Scientific reasons were the only ones likely to influence my uncle. Now,there were many against this terrible journey. The very idea of goingdown to the centre of the earth was simply absurd. I determinedtherefore to argue the point after dinner.
"In the first place," he continued, "you must keep the whole affair aprofound secret. There is no more envious race of men than scientificdiscoverers. Many would start on the same journey. At all events, wewill be the first in the field."
"I accept all your explanations" I said, "and Saknussemm is right. Hefound out the entrance to the bowels of the earth, he has indicatedcorrectly, but that he or anyone else ever followed up the discovery ismadness to suppose."
"But is it not well-known that heat increases one degree for everyseventy feet you descend into the earth? Which gives a fine idea of thecentral heat. All the matters which compose the globe are in a state ofincandescence; even gold, platinum, and the hardest rocks are in a stateof fusion. What would become of us?"
"Neither you nor anybody else know anything about the real state of theearth's interior. All modern experiments tend to explode the oldertheories. Were any such heat to exist, the upper crust of the earthwould be shattered to atoms, and the world would be at an end."
Thus ended our memorable conference, which roused a perfect fever in me.Leaving my uncle, I went forth like one possessed. Reaching the banks ofthe Elbe, I began to think. Was all I had heard really and trulypossible? Was my uncle in his sober senses, and could the interior ofthe earth be reached? Was I the victim of a madman, or was he adiscoverer of rare courage and grandeur of conception?
Next day, at five o'clock in the morning, the post chaise was at thedoor. Gretchen and the old cook received the keys of the house; and,scarcely pausing to wish anyone good-by, we started on our adventurousjourney into the centre of the earth.
It was impossible to dispute the dictatorial commands of my uncle. Iyielded with a groan. On payment of a fee, a verger gave us the key. He,for one, was not partial to the ascent. My uncle at once showed me theway, running up the steps like a schoolboy. I followed as well as Icould, though no sooner was I outside the tower, than my head began toswim. There was nothing of the eagle about me. The earth was enough forme, and no ambitious desire to soar ever entered my mind. Still thingsdid not go badly until I had ascended 150 steps, and was near theplatform, when I began to feel the rush of cold air. I could scarcelystand, when clutching the railings, I looked upwards. The railing wasfrail enough, but nothing to those which skirted the terrible windingstaircase, that appeared, from where I stood, to ascend to the skies.
To this there was no reply possible. And yet the keen air actedviolently on my nervous system; sky, earth, all seemed to swim round,while the steeple rocked like a ship. My legs gave way like those of adrunken man. I crawled upon my hands and knees; I hauled myself upslowly, crawling like a snake. Presently I closed my eyes, and allowedmyself to be dragged upwards.
But faint and bewildered as I was, there was no remedy for it. Rise andstand up I must. Despite my protestations my first lesson lasted quitean hour. When, nearly two hours later, I reached the bosom of motherearth, I was like a rheumatic old man bent double with pain.
Now, the understanding was, that he was to take us to the village ofStapi, situated on the southern slope of the peninsula of Sneffels, atthe very foot of the volcano. Hans, the guide, told us the distance wasabout twenty-two miles, a journey which my uncle supposed would takeabout two days.
But when my uncle came to understand that they were Danish miles, ofeight thousand yards each, he was obliged to be more moderate in hisideas, and, considering the horrible roads we had to follow, to alloweight or ten days for the journey.
2. A manometer worked by compressed air, an instrument used to ascertainthe upper atmospheric pressure on the level of the ocean. Perhaps acommon barometer would not have done as well, the atmospheric pressurebeing likely to increase in proportion as we descended below the surfaceof the earth.
Then there came the important question of provisions. The hamper was notvery large but tolerably satisfactory, for I knew that in concentratedessence of meat and biscuit there was enough to last six months. Theonly liquid provided by my uncle was Schiedam. Of water, not a drop. Wehad, however, an ample supply of gourds, and my uncle counted on findingwater, and enough to fill them, as soon as we commenced our downwardjourney. My remarks as to the temperature, the quality, and even as tothe possibility of none being found, remained wholly without effect.
I began to enjoy the exhilarating delight of traveling, a life ofdesire, gratification and liberty. The truth is, that my spirits rose sorapidly, that I began to be indifferent to what had once appeared to bea terrible journey.
"After all," I said to myself, "what do I risk? Simply to take a journeythrough a curious country, to climb a remarkable mountain, and if theworst comes to the worst, to descend into the crater of an extinctvolcano."
There could be no doubt that this was all this terrible Saknussemm haddone. As to the existence of a gallery, or of subterraneous passagesleading into the interior of the earth, the idea was simply absurd, thehallucination of a distempered imagination. All, then, that may berequired of me I will do cheerfully, and will create no difficulty.
These poor lepers did not tend to enliven our journey, the scene ofwhich was inexpressibly sad and lonely. The very last tufts of grassyvegetation appeared to die at our feet. Not a tree was to be seen,except a few stunted willows about as big as blackberry bushes. Now andthen we watched a falcon soaring in the grey and misty air, taking hisflight towards warmer and sunnier regions. I could not help feeling asense of melancholy come over me. I sighed for my own Native Land, andwished to be back with Gretchen.
The following day was remarkable by its lack of any particularincidents. Always the same damp and swampy soil; the same drearyuniformity; the same sad and monotonous aspect of scenery. In theevening, having accomplished the half of our projected journey, we sleptat the Annexia of Krosolbt.
There was no time, however, for us to take more than a cursory view ofthese phenomena. We had to go forward with what speed we might. Soon thesoft and swampy soil again appeared under the feet of our horses, whileat every hundred yards we came upon one or more small lakes. Our journeywas now in a westerly direction; we had, in fact, swept round the greatbay of Faxa, and the twin white summits of Sneffels rose to the cloudsat a distance of less than five miles.
This was the last stage of our journey. Hans had brought us along withfidelity and intelligence, and I began to feel somewhat more comfortablewhen I reflected that he was to accompany us still farther on our way.
Hans listened calmly, and then nodded his head. To go there, orelsewhere, to bury himself in the bowels of the earth, or to travel overits summits, was all the same to him! As for me, amused and occupied bythe incidents of travel, I had begun to forget the inevitable future;but now I was once more destined to realize the actual state of affairs.What was to be done? Run away? But if I really had intended to leaveProfessor Hardwigg to his fate, it should have been at Hamburg and notat the foot of Sneffels.
I passed the whole of the following night with a nightmare on my chest!and, after unheard-of miseries and tortures, found myself in the verydepths of the earth, from which I was suddenly launched into planetaryspace, under the form of an eruptive rock!
Iceland, being absolutely without sedimentary soil, is composedexclusively of volcanic tufa; that is to say, of an agglomeration ofstones and of rocks of a porous texture. Long before the existence ofvolcanoes, it was composed of a solid body of massive trap rock liftedbodily and slowly out of the sea, by the action of the centrifugal forceat work in the earth.
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