"If you make a text object in GeoGebra called altText, altText2, altText3D then it will be attached to Graphics View 1, Graphics View 2, Graphics View 3D respectively."
So I suppose you'd write a description of what's in the graphics view, and put that in `altText` using the geogebra_applet function's object definitions argument.
There isn't a single way of doing alt-text properly for interactive diagrams. If the diagram is static, then it could make sense to provide some static alt text describing the diagram. But if it's interactive, then alt-text isn't the right way to go: the user would need to be able to find out what the current state of the diagram is at any time. Ideally, the interactive pieces of the diagram would describe themselves when focused - maybe setting the "Caption" property on objects in GeoGebra would help with that?
Often one easy thing you can do is just to put some text before or after the worksheet, describing it and how to interact with it. This is accessible to everyone, not just screen-reader users.