Mr. Csik is a senior staff member in the IAEA's Section on Nuclear Power Technology Development, of which Mr. Kupitz is the Section Head.
Source : IAEA Bulletin 39/2
Prospects for nuclear heat applications
The technical viability of employing nuclear heat sources for district heating or for industrial processes has existed since the very start of nuclear development. A substantial penetration into the commercial heat market, however, has not yet taken place. Prospects will mainly depend on where and how the demand characteristics of the heat market can be matched by what nuclear reactors are able to offer.
District heating market. For the district heating market, co-generation nuclear power plants are one of the supply options. In the case of medium to large nuclear reactors, due to the limited power requirements of the heat market and the relatively low load factors, electricity would be the main product, with district heating accounting for only a small fraction of the overall energy produced. These reactors, including their siting, would be optimized for the conditions pertaining to the electricity market, district heating being, in practice, a byproduct. Should such power plants be located close enough to population centers in cold climatic regions, they could also serve district heating needs. This has been done in Russia, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Switzerland, using up to about 100 MWth per power station. Similar applications can be expected for the future wherever similar boundary conditions exist.