A: A language is considered a programming language if it is Turing
complete.
As a consequence, HTML and XML are not considered programming
languages. This
also holds for data query language SQL. SQL is not a programming
language
because it is, for instance, impossible to write an infinite loop in
it. On
the other hand, SQL extensions PL/SQL and Transact-SQL are programming
languages. ASP and ASP.NET are also not programming languages because
they
make use of other languages such as JavaScript and VBScript or .NET
compatible languages. The same is true for frameworks such as Ruby on
Rails,
Cocoa, and AJAX. Finally, we have also excluded assembly languages,
although
Turing complete, because they have a very different nature.
Ref. from: http://www.tiobe.com/tpci.htm