Hi Darrell:
I don't deal with contracts, but I can tell you what I know.
Cognosante is "The Enumerator", which means they handle the management of NPPES. The run call the center and process paper applications among other things. As far as I know this is a competitive bid, but I think Cognosante has had this contract for quite a while.
Maintaining the NPPES software, is a separate contract held by GDIT (General Dynamics).
The NPPES Modernization Development effort is a total re-write of NPPES in Django. This is a solo effort as I am the only committer thus far ( although we will consider incorporating pull requests). I am a federal employee working on as an HHS Entrepreneur Fellow for CMS. One of my main tasks is to redesign NPPES.
Hope this helps clear up some of the confusion.
Alan Viars