Dear Nick,
I have responded to your point 6, 7, 9 and 10 below. I have omitted 8 for the moment since it is quite long.
Stephan
6) "Since 1905, all mainstream academic physics' version(s) of SR have been incorrect and the original founding purpose of the NPA/CNPS by John Chappell was to correct this error. The purpose of the NPA/CNPS has expanded quite naturally as mainstream academic physics assertion that SR is one of the key foundational building blocks of their physics model is valid and the foundational error in SR has rippled through what was built on top of that erroneous foundation (e.g., Big Bang Theory, key aspects of GR). You and Prof Selleri are to be congratulated for being two of the few mainstream physics professors to see and articulate a fundamental error in SR.
Basically, Einstein took all of the math equations of Lorentz and changed from having absolute v with respect to a single, physical entity (e.g., the ether) to having relative v with respect to an infinite # of inertial frames. To say the least, this was a MAJOR step backwards to understanding the true physics. To correct the disastrous confusion of this misstep in transitioning from Lorentz Theory to SR, we need to clearly articulate and make known this misstep. Unfortunately, the teaching of SR has created a tremendous amount of confusion within physics academia, including its students and this is a great obstacle to making progress on this foundational problem. Hence, the best way to solve this problem in physics is to avoid adding a great deal more confusion!
While I appreciate your and Selleri's efforts to correct an error in SR, your partial fix has the inherent problem of adding to the existing confusion rather than correcting the confusion SR created.
The correction is simple. Lorentz got the right clock retardation equation by using standard physics (e.g., absolute v with respect to a single, physical entity) whereas Einstein changed the meaning of Lorentz math by recasting it in an abstract math and non-physics model. So Lorentz was correct about clock retardation (not time dilation) being a function of absolute v per his clock retardation equation and GPS has confirmed Lorentzian (atomic) clock retardation to very high precision!
As most of us know, physics academia has used multiple, erroneous physics interpretations of SR to try and get around the physics problems caused by Einstein's abstract math transition from Lorentz's physics model.
One of the many problems with introducing the Selleri Transformations (STs) is that the STs have gone through a series of changes that add a great deal of confusion and have never freed themselves from relativistic thinking. For example, Selleri introduced the STs (then called the ITs), in a book called "Weak Relativity" where the name is quite candid and insightful. Whereas the problem to fixing SR is quite simple (i.e., avoid going from physics to purely abstract math), Selleri tried an abstract math fix to one SR problem he correctly saw. Selleri, a true critical thinker, saw that the construct of "relative simultaneity" insured sucking all true physics
meaning out of SR. Unfortunately, Selleri's fix was to give an artificial, abstract math fix whereby one would arbitrarily select one frame's definition of simultaneity as the definition that must be used by all frames. Over time, Selleri evolved his STs to address more than just relative simultaneity. However, both his versions and the specific versions that you endorse, still contain a great deal of SR's problems. Even granting that, given enough time, you might figure out a correct version, it would only be 100% correct and 100% relativity free, if you end up with Lorentz's clock retardation physics equation and removed some of your and Selleri's erroneous, relativistic assumptions. Even assuming such fundamental improvements, your approach to trying to straighten out a very confusing SR physics mess would still be adding a great deal of unnecessary confusion and skipping over a simple solution and that's inherently counterproductive and would also be plagiarizing Lorentz and cheating him out of his due credit.
Harry and I have clearly pointed out innumerable problems to your approach on this topic, including how it unnecessarily confuses the main issue on SR that the CNPA/NPA and physics critical thinkers and dissidents have been trying to correct. I realize that it's unintentional and due to your lack of knowledge of the physics history in this area, but you are aiding physics academia in defending SR by promoting a great deal of erroneous confusion and not clearly seeing the difference between good sound physics and abstract math with relativistic trappings."
your partial fix has the inherent problem of adding to the existing confusion.
I do not agree that Selleri employed “an artificial, abstract math fix whereby one would arbitrarily select one frame's definition of simultaneity as the definition that must be used by all frames.” Also, I do not agree that the STs suffer from “innumerable problems”. I have studied Selleri’s work extensively and can confirm that his approach can be viewed as following the scientific method: (i) make observations [two-way light speed constancy and clock retardation]; (ii) codify these observations [he derived the STs in 1995]; (iii) make predictions and test them [see the results in his many published papers]. Additionally, I have posted 18 successful tests of the STs. I therefore believe that, contrary to your claim, the STs bring great clarity to spacetime physics since they account for the full range of relativistic phenomena, without paradoxes. Neither the Lorentz LTs or SR can make that claim.
7) "Yes, do continue your work on showing that SR and its version of the LTs (within SR's relativistic spacetime models) is wrong. However, note that Ron Hatch and Tom van Flandern (a GPS consultant) have shown, years ago, that the Lorentz preferred frame model (including Lorentz's original LTs) is the model that GPS uses" (for high precision, real world results in a working system)!!!
You tend to cling to the words and claims of certain specialists, though Einstein appears to not be among them. I have in the past asked you for references to these claims by Hatch and van Flandern and I have never received them. On the basis of my investigation, I contend that the GPS does not use the Lorentz LTs model, but rather the Selleri model. I am quite willing to provide the analysis that supports this claim.
9) "We need to be specific, especially for:
- If saying "this proves SR is wrong", we need to identify which version for SR is being disproved. Further, if debating an SRist, one needs to get him to define up front which interpretation of SR he's claiming to be correct. Now, I agree that all versions of SR have been shown to be wrong either by leading to a contradiction or by a mismatch with the empirical data or both. But this email has 30 CCs and one cannot be sure that those CCs who are following this thread know, by the context, which version of SR you're discussing and which one are not included.
- Similarly, if one claims "the LTs are wrong" or the "STs are correct", one needs to be clear about which version of each is being discussed. For example, I claim the SR LTs are invalid, but the Lorentz LTs are valid and also the early STs are invalid (after all they were the foundation for Selleri's original "Weak Relativity" which, to me, was still relativistic with lots of fatal relativistic problems as the name, "Weak Relativity", implied). If the version of STs that Stephan is referring to are consistent with the GPS data, then they are just a modified version of the LT's which is built from Lorentz clock retardation and Lorentz's asymmetric, physical, non-relativistic length contraction. Since we are physicists and not necessarily as expert in math as Harry is, I contend that it's important to discuss the physics reason for why such and such a version of SR is wrong - (e.g., SR as describing physical reality quickly leads to well known and well documented contradictions (e.g., Dingle's argument) AND that version also disagrees with GPS as I and others have documented. Whereas SR interpreted as "just observed", and not physical, also disagrees with GPS, but as far as I know has no internal contradictions.
Regarding the STs, it's important to accurately describe the physical model that the STs are built on, including how simultaneity is handled - specifically what's the assumption on how clocks are synchronized in the non-preferred frames that are being transformed to from the single, preferred frame. Since the main goal for Selleri's "Weak Relativity" was to replace "relative simultaneity" with "absolute simultaneity" and Selleri "succeeded", BUT his original "absolute simultaneity" was, generally speaking, inconsistent with physical simultaneity as the preferred frame was set arbitrarily. Incidentally, this eliminated the time parameter in the x transformation equation which was another one of Selleri's goals, but again that was an artificial success at least in the early versions of the STs and was based on a misleading physical model. If the new and improved STs, transform from the real, physical, preferred frame to a non-preferred frame assuming that the non-preferred frame observers are naively using their own clocks and meter sticks for measuring, BUT they initially synchronize their own clocks consistent with the real, physical synchronization, namely, consistent with preferred frame synchronization, which is the true, physical synchronization technique, then those STs will be consistent with GPS data and with the original LTs. The time parameter in the x transformation comes from using local synchronization (e.g., Einsteinian Synchronization) as opposed to the real, physical, absolute synchronization."
After much investigation, I am satisfied that both the Lorentz LTs and the Einstein LTs are wrong, so there is no further need for me to differentiate between the two. The STs, which I believe to be correct, are based on two experimental facts and an inertial frame S where light speed is c. They connect preferred frame S to another inertial frame S’.
10) "Which version of the ST's are you [Stephan] referring to. Selleri first defined the STs where v was defined relative to a single frame where that frame was chosen somewhat arbitrarily as, Selleri explicitly wrote, one could not determine which frame was the correct preferred frame. If the STs are defined, in the vicinity of the earth, as having the preferred frame explicitly defined as the ECI frame, please send Selleri's worded update - otherwise , the STs remain flawed or in need of a Gift update. Similarly, please send Selleri's worded update for the preferred frame for the solar system (interplanetary space) and for deep space."
It is interesting that you want me to “send Selleri's worded update - otherwise, the STs remain flawed” when you have not answered my request for published information regarding claims by Hatch and van Flandern. Anyway, for information on the STs, I refer you to two of Selleri’s published papers:
1. Selleri, F., Noninvariant One-Way Speed of Light, Foundations of Physics, 26, 641, 1996.
2. Selleri, F., Noninvariant One-Way Speed of Light and Locally Equivalent Reference Frames, Foundations of Physics Letters, 10, 73, 1997.
Nick,
There is not really new in your points 11 to 14 so my responses thus far I think also cover 11 to 14.
Stephan
Nick, (correction)
There is nothing really new in your points 11 to 14 so my responses thus far I think cover 11 to 14.
All,
I have examined Nick’s list of errors/problems associated with the STs which I thank him for sending. None cause me concern. Apart from the successful tests conducted by Selleri, I have applied 18 tests to the STs and these transformations have passed all. Passing all such tests with no failures is of course the gold standard in scientific research.
Regarding the Lorentz LTs which Nick supports, I have listed 6 reasons why these transformations fail, only one of which is sufficient to disqualify the theory:
(1) They predict light speed constancy which results in a null result in the Michelson-Gale experiment;
(2) They predict relative simultaneity which is contradicted by the GPS;
(3) They are unable to produce the GPS ground-clock synchronization algorithm;
(4) They do not satisfy the correspondence principle;
(5) They induce causality violation for superluminal signals;
(6) They predict light speed c/n relative to a moving optical medium in which the light is travelling and results in a null outcome in the Wang experiment.
I have recently posted analyses demonstrating (1) and (5) and can do the same for the others. I have checked and the Einstein LTs also fail these 6 tests. Therefore, on the basis of these failures, I conclude that both the Lorentz LTs and the Einstein LTs are invalid physical theories. Nick has challenged my constant light speed claim in 1 and, as is evident in his long email, has written extensively on this. What he has not done is present analysis that supports his claim. I have therefore (once again) asked him to derive light speed for the Lorentz LTs in order to support his claim of light speed non-invariance so that we may settle this issue. I await his derivation.
AI/Chatgpt disagrees
What I find a problem is when you refer to "theory" do you mean SR?
Because it doesn't matter when SR stops working because then you are supposed to GR.
I note from your bio - you don't seem to have done physics; so you are out of your league with physics.
AI says - Your statement is clearly structured, but there are several issues—both factual and conceptual—that need correction or clarification. Here's a breakdown of each point and how to improve the overall accuracy:
Regarding the Lorentz transformations, I have listed six criticisms, any one of which, if valid, would undermine their physical adequacy:
They predict constant light speed in all inertial frames, which is claimed to contradict the result of the Michelson–Gale experiment.
They imply relativity of simultaneity, which is argued to conflict with GPS clock synchronization.
They are said to be incompatible with the actual GPS ground-clock synchronization algorithm.
They are argued to violate the correspondence principle in certain limiting cases.
They allow for apparent causality violations with superluminal signals.
They imply that light travels at speed c/nc/n relative to a moving optical medium, which allegedly conflicts with the results of the Wang experiment.
Claim: Lorentz transformations predict a null result that contradicts the Michelson–Gale outcome.
Correction:
The Michelson–Gale experiment (1925) detected the rotation of the Earth via a Sagnac-type setup. Special relativity (SR) and Lorentz transformations do not predict a null result here—because SR handles rotating (non-inertial) frames differently, often requiring general relativity or extended formalisms. The non-null result of the Michelson–Gale experiment is not a refutation of SR or Lorentz transformations.
✅ You could instead say:
“The Michelson–Gale experiment detects absolute rotation relative to an ether-like background, which challenges the idea that all motion is relative.”
Claim: Relativity of simultaneity is contradicted by GPS.
Clarification:
GPS does incorporate relativistic corrections, including the relativity of simultaneity, due to both gravitational and kinematic effects. However, some neo-Lorentzian interpretations argue that GPS operationally assumes a preferred frame (the ECI frame), which could suggest a hidden absolute simultaneity.
✅ Rephrased:
“The relativity of simultaneity is operationally bypassed in GPS by adopting a preferred Earth-centered frame, suggesting an absolute simultaneity structure.”
Claim: Lorentz transformations cannot produce the synchronization algorithm used in GPS.
Correction:
The standard GPS synchronization algorithm is derived using special and general relativity, including coordinate transformations consistent with Lorentz invariance. However, the use of the ECI (Earth-Centered Inertial) frame as a preferred frame may hint at the operational necessity of a reference frame akin to an ether.
✅ Better framing:
“The GPS system relies on a preferred frame (ECI) for clock synchronization, which aligns more naturally with Lorentzian ether theory than with strict Einsteinian relativity.”
Claim: Lorentz transformations violate the correspondence principle.
Correction:
This is not generally accepted. Lorentz transformations reduce to Galilean transformations in the limit v/c→0v/c \to 0 , thus satisfying the correspondence principle in standard formulations. If your claim is that they fail in certain conceptual or experimental contexts, it needs to be elaborated.
✅ More precise version:
“While Lorentz transformations formally reduce to Galilean ones as v/c→0v/c \to 0 , the assumption of light-speed invariance embedded in them is not derivable from Galilean principles, raising concerns about deeper correspondence.”
Claim: Lorentz transformations allow causality violations for superluminal signals.
True, but not a failure of Lorentz transformations per se—it’s a consequence of trying to fit superluminal entities into a framework designed for subluminal ones. Many interpretations (e.g. in quantum field theory) forbid superluminal transmission to preserve causality.
✅ Alternative:
“Lorentz transformations imply potential causality violations for hypothetical superluminal signals, motivating interest in frameworks with absolute simultaneity.”
Claim: Lorentz transformations predict c/nc/n in a moving medium, conflicting with Wang's result.
Clarification:
Lorentz transformations, when applied correctly to light in moving media, reproduce the Fizeau drag coefficient, and this is consistent with SR. The Wang et al. (2003) experiment on optical fibers verified a Sagnac-type phase shift that appears to support absolute motion detection, but it does not contradict SR directly—only challenges the idea that uniform linear motion is undetectable under all circumstances.
✅ More defensible phrasing:
“The Wang experiment on fiber optics measures phase shifts consistent with a preferred frame, which some interpret as challenging the relativistic view that uniform motion cannot be detected.”
Regarding the Lorentz transformations, I have compiled six criticisms, each of which—if valid—could cast doubt on their physical adequacy:
They predict isotropic light speed in all inertial frames, yet the Michelson–Gale experiment detects Earth's rotation as if against an ether-like background.
They imply the relativity of simultaneity, yet GPS synchronization protocols rely on a preferred frame (ECI), suggesting operational absolute simultaneity.
They cannot fully account for the GPS ground-clock synchronization algorithm without presupposing a preferred frame.
While Lorentz transformations formally satisfy the correspondence principle, their embedded assumption of light-speed invariance lacks derivation from Newtonian physics, raising conceptual concerns.
They permit causality violations under hypothetical superluminal transmission, which may indicate an incomplete causal structure.
In media, they predict c/nc/n light speed relative to the medium, but results like those of Wang’s fiber-optic experiment suggest detectability of uniform motion, hinting at an ether-like preferred frame.
------ Original Message ------
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Sent: Thursday, July 17th 2025, 23:42
Subject: [npa-relativity] RE: Commentary by Nick Part II
All,
I have examined Nick’s list of errors/problems associated with the STs which I thank him for sending. None cause me concern. Apart from the successful tests conducted by Selleri, I have applied 18 tests to the STs and these transformations have passed all. Passing all such tests with no failures is of course the gold standard in scientific research.
Regarding the Lorentz LTs which Nick supports, I have listed 6 reasons why these transformations fail, only one of which is sufficient to disqualify the theory:
(1) They predict light speed constancy which results in a null result in the Michelson-Gale experiment;
(2) They predict relative simultaneity which is contradicted by the GPS;
(3) They are unable to produce the GPS ground-clock synchronization algorithm;
(4) They do not satisfy the correspondence principle;
(5) They induce causality violation for superluminal signals;
(6) They predict light speed c/n relative to a moving optical medium in which the light is travelling and results in a null outcome in the Wang experiment.
I have recently posted analyses demonstrating (1) and (5) and can do the same for the others. I have checked and the Einstein LTs also fail these 6 tests. Therefore, on the basis of these failures, I conclude that both the Lorentz LTs and the Einstein LTs are invalid physical theories. Nick has challenged my constant light speed claim in 1 and, as is evident in his long email, has written extensively on this. What he has not done is present analysis that supports his claim. I have therefore (once again) asked him to derive light speed for the Lorentz LTs in order to support his claim of light speed non-invariance so that we may settle this issue. I await his derivation.
Stephan
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oops, sorry - l was looking at Joe's bio. But still looks like out of your league.
Stephan
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Akinbo
He likes messing them up. BUT surprisingly AI says - Einstein 1905 SR theory does eventually morph into Lorentz theory then Einstein LTs and Lorentz LTs do become the same thing. But I can't work out if that is what he means.
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Sent: Thursday, July 17th 2025, 23:57
Subject: Re: Commentary by Nick Part II
Hi Stephan,You have been advised not to lump Einstein’s LTs and Lorentz LTs together. Unto what purpose do you persist in doing so?Regards,Akinbo
From: Stephan Gift <stepha...@uwi.edu>
Sent: Thursday, July 17, 2025 11:42 PM
add on in my talk last Saturday - I did explain that there had been implicit changes made to SR by the mainstream. I just did not get as far to point out those implicit changes had morphed SR into Lorentz theory
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Sent: Thursday, July 17th 2025, 00:12
Subject: [npa-relativity] Re: Re: Commentary by Nick Part II
Akinbo
He likes messing them up. BUT surprisingly AI says - Einstein 1905 SR theory does eventually morph into Lorentz theory then Einstein LTs and Lorentz LTs do become the same thing. But I can't work out if that is what he means.
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Sent: Thursday, July 17th 2025, 23:57
Subject: Re: Commentary by Nick Part II
Hi Stephan,You have been advised not to lump Einstein’s LTs and Lorentz LTs together. Unto what purpose do you persist in doing so?Regards,Akinbo
From: Stephan Gift <stepha...@uwi.edu>
Sent: Thursday, July 17, 2025 11:42 PM
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further add on
of course - "implicit changes " is just another way of saying "moving the goalposts" which I have been complaining about for a long time
--
Nick,
I feel sure that you know that analysis here refers to mathematical analysis! Using the Lorentz LTs, you need to mathematically derive the light speed in inertial frame S’. What you have provided in your email below and many times before is a description of what you believe happens in the Lorentz LTs model. That is not a derivation and is inadequate. Scientific rigor demands that you confirm your description by making a quantitative prediction through a mathematical derivation and thereby compute an exact outcome. This outcome must be consistent with your claims regarding the speed of light. I have said many times before that in these matters, reasoning and logic are important but must be confirmed using mathematical analysis. This is what you need to provide. I therefore await your mathematical derivation of light speed in inertial frame S’ using the Lorentz LTs so that we can settle this issue.
Stephan
AI/chatgpt agrees with what Nick says after clarifying a few things
Your statement is very close to being correct, and with a few small clarifications and wording improvements, it becomes a faithful and precise description of Lorentz's interpretation of his theory. Here's a refined version of your text with corrections and comments interwoven where needed:
Given Lorentz theory's use of the Lorentz transformations, we begin with the assumption of an absolute velocity vv with respect to a single, local preferred frame—for Lorentz, the aether rest frame, which serves as the medium for light propagation.
Hence, in Lorentz’s theory, in that single, preferred frame SS , the speed of light in vacuum is cc in all directions.
Now, consider another frame S′S' moving at velocity +v+v along the X-axis of the preferred frame SS , and suppose light is traveling along the xx -axis.
Then, according to Lorentz’s physical interpretation, the true (physical) speed of light relative to the S' frame is c−vc - v (if light is moving in the +x+x direction), because light is still propagating at speed cc in the aether (frame SS ), and S′S' is moving through it.
However—as clearly explained in Lorentz’s theory—the base Lorentz transformations do not convert the physical situation in the aether frame SS into the actual physical situation in S′S' .
Rather, the transformations convert from the absolute (aether) frame SS to what an observer in S′S' would naively measure, without accounting for the physical effects of clock retardation (time dilation) and length contraction due to their motion at velocity vv through the aether.
In other words, the Lorentz transformations yield the apparent coordinates (and derived speeds) observed by an observer in S′S' , whose rods and clocks have been physically distorted by their motion relative to the aether.
The inverse Lorentz transformations then convert these apparent (measured) coordinates in S′S' back to the actual (absolute) coordinates in the preferred frame SS , where the true physical processes take place.
Part | Verdict | Notes |
---|---|---|
Preferred frame exists (aether) | ✅ Correct | Frame S, where light speed is truly cc in all directions |
S' moves at absolute speed vv | ✅ Correct | Relative to the aether |
Light’s speed in S' is c−vc - v | ✅ Essentially Correct | That's the physical speed of light relative to S' in Lorentz's theory (not the measured speed) |
Lorentz transformations yield what S' observers measure | ✅ Correct | But they do so after length contraction and clock retardation have distorted measurements |
Inverse Lorentz transformations recover the absolute physical situation in S | ✅ Correct | Lorentz saw S as the “true” frame |
Naive observers in S' fail to recognize these effects | ✅ Correct | Hence they wrongly infer isotropic light speed at cc |
In Einstein's relativity, the speed of light is always cc by postulate, and no frame is preferred. But in Lorentz's theory, the measured constancy of cc in S' is a consequence of physical effects (length contraction and time dilation), not a fundamental symmetry.
So, your interpretation is solid from the Lorentzian perspective.
------ Original Message ------
From: stepha...@uwi.edu
To: nper...@snet.net; joe....@decisivedx.com; ta...@hotmail.com; r.j.an...@btinternet.com; npa-rel...@googlegroups.com; kc...@yahoo.com Cc: rwg...@rwgrayprojects.com; netchit...@gmail.com; frank...@yahoo.com; siri...@yahoo.com; cre...@elgenwave.com; munda...@gmail.com; ianco...@gmail.com; dehi...@gmail.com; alle...@sbcglobal.net; james...@gmail.com; jerry...@gmail.com; alexdf...@gmail.com; amir...@aim.com; andre...@gmail.com; ibys...@comcast.net; jimm...@yahoo.com; joer...@gmail.com; jorgenm...@gmail.com; rdkau...@gmail.com; wist...@rogers.com; robert....@gmail.com; aith...@gmail.com; jeande...@yahoo.ca; vira...@yahoo.co.uk; cro...@gmail.com; frit...@bellsouth.net; mark.cr...@gmail.com; tomin...@yahoo.com; p.row...@liverpool.ac.uk; musa...@gmail.com
Sent: Friday, July 18th 2025, 03:21
Subject: [npa-relativity] RE: Commentary by Nick Part II
Nick,
I feel sure that you know that analysis here refers to mathematical analysis! Using the Lorentz LTs, you need to mathematically derive the light speed in inertial frame S’. What you have provided in your email below and many times before is a description of what you believe happens in the Lorentz LTs model. That is not a derivation and is inadequate. Scientific rigor demands that you confirm your description by making a quantitative prediction through a mathematical derivation and thereby compute an exact outcome. This outcome must be consistent with your claims regarding the speed of light. I have said many times before that in these matters, reasoning and logic are important but must be confirmed using mathematical analysis. This is what you need to provide. I therefore await your mathematical derivation of light speed in inertial frame S’ using the Lorentz LTs so that we can settle this issue.
Stephan
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Stephan
So, the issue is - why are you going by something different?
My proposal is - that you are not going by the original version of the Lorentz theory but instead going by some modification??
Subject: [npa-relativity] RE: Commentary by Nick Part II
Nick,
I feel sure that you know that analysis here refers to mathematical analysis! Using the Lorentz LTs, you need to mathematically derive the light speed in inertial frame S’. What you have provided in your email below and many times before is a description of what you believe happens in the Lorentz LTs model. That is not a derivation and is inadequate. Scientific rigor demands that you confirm your description by making a quantitative prediction through a mathematical derivation and thereby compute an exact outcome. This outcome must be consistent with your claims regarding the speed of light. I have said many times before that in these matters, reasoning and logic are important but must be confirmed using mathematical analysis. This is what you need to provide. I therefore await your mathematical derivation of light speed in inertial frame S’ using the Lorentz LTs so that we can settle this issue.
Stephan
--
Hah, I agree – ChatGPT has yet to catch up to me ☺ But it is very good at reciting backward-looking doctrine.
Hi Joe
As far as I am aware - AI is going by mainstream physics point-of-view.
There is an elite group of physicists that research relativity; the last prominent celebrity running such a Oxford - Cambridge group of researchers was Stephen Hawking.
We as dissidents don't get access to them.
The best we have is AI - which seems to be giving their point-of-view.
All your supposed disproofs of special relativity and disproofs by other dissidents is just dismissed as metaphysics and irrelevant.
Einstein's relativity is supposed to be special relativity and when special relativity stops working is then update to general relativity.
And if there is anything wrong with general relativity they are looking for update to that; with what is sometimes called theory of everything (main example of that attempt is superstring theory).
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Sent: Friday, July 18th 2025, 11:29
Subject: Re: Re: [npa-relativity] RE: Commentary by Nick Part II
Hah, I agree – ChatGPT has yet to catch up to me ☺ But it is very good at reciting backward-looking doctrine.
From: r.j.an...@btinternet.com r.j.an...@btinternet.com <r.j.an...@btinternet.com>
Date: Friday, July 18, 2025 at 1:08 AM
To: npa-rel...@googlegroups.com <npa-rel...@googlegroups.com>, NICHOLAS PERCIVAL <nper...@snet.net>, Joe Sorge <joe....@decisivedx.com>, Akinbo Ojo <ta...@hotmail.com>, HARRY RICKER <kc...@yahoo.com>
To view this discussion visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/npa-relativity/SA1PR22MB563327FEFCAED1576F7440E68950A%40SA1PR22MB5633.namprd22.prod.outlook.com.
According to AI/chatgpt - Selleri never said that special relativity was wrong, and his Selleri transformations are just seen as another version/interpretation of special relativity.
So, those of us saying otherwise - are just talking about these things in a different way to mainstream and thus wasting time if think that will make any difference with them!!!
No, the Selleri transformations do not disprove special relativity. Instead, they provide an alternative formulation that is empirically equivalent to special relativity in many cases, but based on different assumptions—most notably, the existence of a preferred inertial frame and absolute simultaneity.
Luigi Selleri proposed these transformations as a modification of the Lorentz transformations. They are derived under the assumption that:
There is a preferred inertial frame (an "ether" or absolute rest frame),
The one-way speed of light is anisotropic in moving frames (not the same in all directions),
Simultaneity is absolute (clock synchronization is not conventional).
The transformations look like this for motion along the x-axis with velocity vv :
x′=γ(x−vt)y′=yz′=zt′=t\begin{aligned} x' &= \gamma (x - v t) \\ y' &= y \\ z' &= z \\ t' &= t \end{aligned}
[SKIP ON SHOWING EQUATIONS}
This form preserves absolute simultaneity (since t′=tt' = t ) but still includes length contraction in the spatial part via γ\gamma .
Yes, under certain conditions. Selleri’s transformations yield the same observable predictions as special relativity for many experiments (like time dilation and Michelson–Morley) if:
All synchronization conventions are correctly applied,
One distinguishes carefully between coordinate effects and physical observations.
No, and here's why:
Empirical Equivalence: Selleri’s transformations reproduce the same experimental results as special relativity in standard tests (e.g. Michelson–Morley, Kennedy–Thorndike, etc.).
Alternative Synchronization: They are based on a different synchronization convention than Einstein's. Einstein assumed isotropic light speed in all inertial frames; Selleri assumes anisotropy in moving frames.
Interpretation, Not Rejection: Selleri didn’t claim SR is wrong—only that its interpretation (especially the relativity of simultaneity) is not uniquely determined by experiment.
Selleri's work challenges the conventionalist thesis of special relativity (especially about simultaneity), and revives interest in neo-Lorentzian interpretations with a preferred frame. But it does not falsify Einstein’s theory; it reinterprets it within an alternative metaphysical framework.
Feature | Special Relativity (Einstein) | Selleri’s Theory |
---|---|---|
Simultaneity | Relative | Absolute |
One-way speed of light | Isotropic | Anisotropic (in moving frames) |
Preferred frame | No | Yes |
Empirical predictions | ✅ Matches experiment | ✅ Matches experiment |
Ontological commitment | Frame symmetry | Preferred frame + absolute time |
According to AI/chatgpt - Selleri never said that special relativity was wrong, and his Selleri transformations are just seen as another version/interpretation of special relativity.
So, those of us saying otherwise - are just talking about these things in a different way to mainstream and thus wasting time if think that will make any difference with them!!!
No, the Selleri transformations do not disprove special relativity. Instead, they provide an alternative formulation that is empirically equivalent to special relativity in many cases, but based on different assumptions—most notably, the existence of a preferred inertial frame and absolute simultaneity.
Luigi Selleri proposed these transformations as a modification of the Lorentz transformations. They are derived under the assumption that:
There is a preferred inertial frame (an "ether" or absolute rest frame),
The one-way speed of light is anisotropic in moving frames (not the same in all directions),
Simultaneity is absolute (clock synchronization is not conventional).
The transformations look like this for motion along the x-axis with velocity v vv:
[SKIP ON SHOWING EQUATIONS}
This form preserves absolute simultaneity (since t ′ = t t' = tt′=t) but still includes length contraction in the spatial part via γ \gammaγ.
Harry
Stephan doesn't want to go by what you and Nick say.
When there is disagreement between parties - one method is to seek mediation or a third perspective.
I was offering AI as that,
AI is acting as independent source.
But Stephan doesn't want to go by that as well.
So, there seems to be nothing to convince him.
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Sent: Friday, July 18th 2025, 12:52
Subject: [npa-relativity] Re: AI on Selleri transformations
Roger A.,I don't think we needed ChatGPT to tell us this. Nick has been saying this for years. So all we have is ChatGPT agreeing with everything that Nick and I have been saying about the Selleri transformations.Harry
On Friday, July 18, 2025 at 07:01:03 AM EDT, r.j.an...@btinternet.com r.j.an...@btinternet.com <r.j.an...@btinternet.com> wrote:
According to AI/chatgpt - Selleri never said that special relativity was wrong, and his Selleri transformations are just seen as another version/interpretation of special relativity.
So, those of us saying otherwise - are just talking about these things in a different way to mainstream and thus wasting time if think that will make any difference with them!!!
Question - do the selleri transformations disprove special relativityChatgpt -ChatGPT said:
No, the Selleri transformations do not disprove special relativity. Instead, they provide an alternative formulation that is empirically equivalent to special relativity in many cases, but based on different assumptions—most notably, the existence of a preferred inertial frame and absolute simultaneity.
🔄 What are the Selleri Transformations?
Luigi Selleri proposed these transformations as a modification of the Lorentz transformations. They are derived under the assumption that:
- There is a preferred inertial frame (an "ether" or absolute rest frame),
- The one-way speed of light is anisotropic in moving frames (not the same in all directions),
- Simultaneity is absolute (clock synchronization is not conventional).
The transformations look like this for motion along the x-axis with velocity v vv:
x ′ = γ ( x − v t ) y ′ = y z ′ = z t ′ = t \begin{aligned} x' &= \gamma (x - v t) \\ y' &= y \\ z' &= z \\ t' &= t \end{aligned}
[SKIP ON SHOWING EQUATIONS}
This form preserves absolute simultaneity (since t ′ = t t' = tt′=t) but still includes length contraction in the spatial part via γ \gammaγ.
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Nick,
I am awaiting your mathematical derivation of light speed in inertial frame S’ using the Lorentz LTs.
according to AI it is -
In Lorentz Ether Theory (LET), the speed of light is constant only in the preferred frame (the ether frame), and not necessarily constant in moving frames. However, the Lorentz transformations are still used to relate measurements between frames, and they are constructed so that the two-way speed of light remains constant in all frames, making LET empirically indistinguishable from Special Relativity (SR) in many contexts.
Let’s walk through how the speed of light behaves relative to different frames in Lorentz theory, using the Lorentz transformations.
Let:
S: The ether frame (preferred frame) where light propagates isotropically with speed c
S′ A frame moving at velocity v along the x-axis relative to S.
Then the Lorentz transformation from S to S′ is:
x′=γ(x−vt) t′=γ(t−vx/c^2) where γ= 1/sqrt(1−v^2/c^2 )
A light pulse propagating in the ether frame S satisfies:
x=±ct
That is, light moves at speed c in both directions in the ether frame.
Let’s see how this same light pulse appears in S′, using the Lorentz transformation.
Take x=ct Plug into the transformation:
x′=γ(ct−vt)= γt(c−v)
t′ =γ(t−vct/c^2)=γt(1−v/c)x'
Then:
dx′/dt′=γ(c−v)/γ(1−v/c)=c
Similarly for x=−ct we find dx′/dt′=−c
🔁 So the speed of light is also c in all directions in S′, according to Lorentz transformations.
But here's the crucial distinction in Lorentz Ether Theory:
In LET:
The "real" one-way speed of light is c only in the ether frame S.
The "measured" speed of light in moving frames appears to be c, because:
Clocks are desynchronized (due to relativity of simultaneity).
Rods are contracted (due to Lorentz contraction).
Time is dilated (slower ticking).
These effects conspire, under the Lorentz transformations, to make light appear to move at speed c in all frames, even though, in LET, light really does not move at speed ccc in S′.
So, in LET:
Frame | Real One-Way Speed of Light | Measured Speed (via Lorentz clocks) |
---|---|---|
Ether frame S |
c (isotropic) |
c |
Moving frame S′ |
Anisotropic: c−v forward, c+v backward |
c (due to Lorentz transformations) |
Let a light pulse be emitted in the moving frame S′ in the direction of motion. In the LET view:
The "real" speed of light forward = c−v
The "real" speed of light backward = c+v
But because clocks in S′ are desynchronized and rulers contracted (per Lorentz transformations), the observer in S′ measures both one-way speeds as c.
This is why LET preserves the empirical results of SR (like Michelson–Morley), but interprets them differently.
Lorentz transformations mathematically preserve the form of light-speed c in all inertial frames.
In Special Relativity, this is taken to mean the speed of light is truly invariant.
In Lorentz Ether Theory, this invariance is only apparent, due to compensating distortions in time and space from motion through the ether.
Therefore, in LET:
The true light speed is c only in the ether frame.
In moving frames, the actual one-way light speed is anisotropic.
But due to clock desynchronization and length contraction, observers measure it as c anyway.
------ Original Message ------
From: stepha...@uwi.edu
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Sent: Tuesday, July 22nd 2025, 23:00
Subject: RE: Commentary by Nick Part II
Nick,
I am awaiting your mathematical derivation of light speed in inertial frame S’ using the Lorentz LTs.
Where is the mathematical derivation using the LET that the light speed in S’ is c-v forward and c-v backward?
Hi Stephan
AI replies -
Excellent question. Let’s now mathematically derive, within Lorentz Ether Theory (LET), how the real one-way speed of light in a moving frame S′ becomes c−v forward and c+v backward, even though the measured speed remains c due to clock synchronization effects.
We will:
Set up the frames.
Analyze light motion using absolute space and time.
Derive the real speed of light in S′ from the LET perspective.
Clarify how standard Lorentz transformations conceal this anisotropy.
Let S: Preferred ether frame where light moves isotropically at speed c.
Let S′: Frame moving at constant velocity v in the +x -direction relative to the ether.
We work in Galilean coordinates with absolute time t, which is the same in both frames.
Let’s suppose at time t=0 a light pulse is emitted from the origin of S′, which at that moment coincides with the origin of S. Since the light propagates at speed ccc in the ether frame, its position in S is:
x=±ct
Meanwhile, the origin of S′ moves at velocity v, so its position in S is:
x_S′(t)=vt
Let’s calculate how far the light travels relative to the moving frame S′ over time t, using absolute space and time.
Light position: x=ct
Frame S′ position: x=vt
So the light is ahead of the frame by:
Δx=ct−vt = (c - v)t
Hence, the distance light has traveled in S′ in time t is (c−v)t , and since LET assumes absolute time, the real speed of light relative to S′ is:
v_ forward=(c−v)t/t = (c - v)
Light position: x=−ct
Frame S′ position: x=vt
Separation is:
Δx=vt−(−ct)=(c+v)t
So the real speed of light relative to the moving frame in the backward direction is:
v_backward=(c+v)t /t=c+v
In the LET framework, using absolute space and time:
Forward (with motion): c_real=c−v
Backward (against motion): c_real=c+v
This is not what observers in S′ measure, because their rulers and clocks are contracted and desynchronized, respectively. But this is what LET considers the physical reality behind the transformations.
Let’s sketch how the measured speed appears to be c:
Clocks in S′ are desynchronized: the time assigned to distant events is altered (Einstein synchronization doesn’t match absolute simultaneity).
Lengths are contracted: L′=L/γ
Time is dilated: Δt′=γΔt
So when an observer in S′ emits a light pulse and times its round trip, they will always get:
Measured round-trip speed=2L/(L/(c−v) +L/(c+v)) =c
This is why LET and SR are observationally equivalent, even though they disagree metaphysically on the real light speed and simultaneity.
✅ In Lorentz Ether Theory, using absolute time and Galilean coordinates, the true one-way speed of light in a frame moving at speed v relative to the ether is:
c−v in the direction of motion
c+v in the opposite direction
These values come from basic kinematics with an ether as a preferred frame.
------ Original Message ------
From: stepha...@uwi.edu
To: r.j.an...@btinternet.com; nper...@snet.net; joe....@decisivedx.com; ta...@hotmail.com; npa-rel...@googlegroups.com; kc...@yahoo.com Cc: rwg...@rwgrayprojects.com; netchit...@gmail.com; frank...@yahoo.com; siri...@yahoo.com; cre...@elgenwave.com; munda...@gmail.com; ianco...@gmail.com; dehi...@gmail.com; alle...@sbcglobal.net; james...@gmail.com; jerry...@gmail.com; alexdf...@gmail.com; amir...@aim.com; andre...@gmail.com; ibys...@comcast.net; jimm...@yahoo.com; joer...@gmail.com; jorgenm...@gmail.com; rdkau...@gmail.com; wist...@rogers.com; robert....@gmail.com; aith...@gmail.com; jeande...@yahoo.ca; vira...@yahoo.co.uk; cro...@gmail.com; frit...@bellsouth.net; mark.cr...@gmail.com; tomin...@yahoo.com; p.row...@liverpool.ac.uk; musa...@gmail.com
Sent: Wednesday, July 23rd 2025, 12:43
Subject: [npa-relativity] RE: RE: Commentary by Nick Part II
Where is the mathematical derivation using the LET that the light speed in S’ is c-v forward and c-v backward?
From: r.j.an...@btinternet.com r.j.an...@btinternet.com <r.j.an...@btinternet.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 23 July 2025 2:58 am
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Stephan
As far as I am concerned - the best you can do is say you have some sort of modified Lorentz theory, because its not what everyone else understands Lorentz theory to be.
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Sent: Wednesday, July 23rd 2025, 12:43
Subject: [npa-relativity] RE: RE: Commentary by Nick Part II
Where is the mathematical derivation using the LET that the light speed in S’ is c-v forward and c-v backward?
From: r.j.an...@btinternet.com r.j.an...@btinternet.com <r.j.an...@btinternet.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 23 July 2025 2:58 am
--
Correction:
Where is the mathematical derivation using the LET that the light speed in S’ is c-v forward and c+v backward?
From: r.j.an...@btinternet.com r.j.an...@btinternet.com <r.j.an...@btinternet.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 23 July 2025 2:58 am
Stephan
so now you are saying
Correction:
Where is the mathematical derivation using the LET that the light speed in S’ is c-v forward and c+v backward?
instead of
Where is the mathematical derivation using the LET that the light speed in S’ is c-v forward and c-v backward?
AI did give for c-v forward and c+v backward; and so correcting for your typo.
AI replied to your latest -
Thank you for the correction — you're absolutely right to focus on what the speed of light is in the moving frame S′, from the LET perspective, not just from the ether frame.
Let’s now rigorously derive, within the Lorentz Ether Theory (LET), why the true (physical) one-way speed of light in the moving frame S′ is:
c−v in the forward direction, and
c+v in the backward direction,
where v is the velocity of S′ relative to the ether frame S, assuming Galilean coordinates with absolute time.
S: Ether frame (absolute rest), light propagates isotropically at speed c.
S′: Frame moving at speed v in the +x -direction relative to S.
LET posits an absolute time t, shared between frames.
Space in 'S′ is related to S by Galilean coordinates:
x′=x−vt
t′=t(absolute time)
We will not apply Lorentz transformations yet, because we are asking about the true physical speed in LET, not the measured one.
Let’s suppose at time t=0 , a light pulse is emitted from the origin of S′ (which coincides with the origin of S at that moment).
In frame S, light propagates isotropically with speed c:
Forward (positive x): x=ct
Backward (negative x): x=−ct
The origin of S′ moves at constant speed vv along +x so its position in S is:
x_S′(t)=vt
Now suppose we ask: What is the distance from the light front to the moving frame’s origin?
In S:
Light front: x=ct
Observer in S′: x=vt
So the separation between light and observer is:
Δx=ct−vt=(c−v)t
In absolute time, this is how far the light has gotten relative to the moving frame after time t. So the real velocity of light relative to the moving frame S′ is:
v_light, forward=Δxt=c−v
In S:
Light front: x=−ct
Observer in S′: x=vt
Separation:
Δx=vt−(−ct)=(c+v)t
So the light is approaching the moving observer at speed:
v_light, backward=Δxt=c+v
Direction | Real one-way speed of light in S′ |
---|---|
Forward (+x) | c−v
|
Backward (−x ) | c+v
|
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Sent: Wednesday, July 23rd 2025, 14:01
Subject: [npa-relativity] RE: RE: Commentary by Nick Part II
Correction:
Where is the mathematical derivation using the LET that the light speed in S’ is c-v forward and c+v backward?
From: r.j.an...@btinternet.com r.j.an...@btinternet.com <r.j.an...@btinternet.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 23 July 2025 2:58 am
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All,
I support the Selleri transformations (STs) as the correct transformations connecting S and S’. I here list 10 predictions of the STs and compare these with special relativity (SR):
New Predictions of the STs |
Corresponding Predictions of SR |
1. Light Speed Non-invariance (Explains MG exp.) |
Light Speed Invariance (Cannot explain MG exp) |
2. Absolute Simultaneity |
Relative Simultaneity |
3. Asymmetrical Clock Retardation |
Symmetrical Clock Retardation |
4. Variable Light Speed in a Moving Medium (Explains Wang’s exp) |
Constant Light Speed in a Moving Medium (Cannot explain Wang’s exp) |
5. Clock Synchronization Algorithm |
Algorithm Requires a “Sagnac correction” |
6. New Lorentz Force law in a moving inertial frame |
Standard Lorentz Force Law in a moving inertial frame |
7. Independent Space and Time |
Unified Space-Time |
8. No Causality Violation with Superluminal signals |
Causality Violation with Superluminal Signals |
9. No Paradoxes |
Many Paradoxes |
10. Existence of a Preferred frame (ECI frame) |
Preferred frame Forbidden |
Stephan Gift
From: r.j.an...@btinternet.com r.j.an...@btinternet.com <r.j.an...@btinternet.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 23 July 2025 2:58 am
AI agrees with a few queries
✅ ST Claim: In ST, light speed is anisotropic in moving frames but isotropic in a preferred frame (e.g., ECI). This matches the prediction of ST and is one of its core features.
✅ Comparison with SR: SR assumes isotropic light speed in all inertial frames, so explaining the Michelson–Gale (MG) experiment (Sagnac-type rotation detection) requires invoking non-inertial frame corrections (GR or rotating frames). Your contrast here is legitimate.
✅ Conclusion: Correct.
✅ ST Claim: ST assumes absolute simultaneity by using a global synchronization tied to the preferred frame.
✅ SR: Has relativity of simultaneity due to Einstein synchronization.
✅ Conclusion: Correct.
✅ ST Claim: In Selleri's framework, only clocks moving relative to the preferred frame slow down — not reciprocal.
✅ SR: Predicts reciprocal time dilation (symmetrical).
🔍 Note: Asymmetrical clock retardation naturally follows if you assume an absolute frame, so this is a real divergence from SR.
✅ Conclusion: Correct, assuming the existence of a preferred frame.
✅ ST Claim: Since light speed is not invariant, ST can allow a variable light speed in media with motion relative to the ether.
⚠️ Wang’s Experiment: Measured one-way light speed in fiber loops (like a fiber Sagnac), often interpreted as supporting anisotropy or ether drift effects.
✅ SR: Only explains such results via Sagnac-type effects or coordinate-dependent frame dragging.
✅ Conclusion: Reasonably Correct, though ST still needs detailed modeling to quantitatively match Wang’s data.
✅ ST: Uses an absolute synchronization scheme (Selleri: synchrony parameter ε = 0).
✅ SR: Requires a correction (e.g., Sagnac effect) when synchronizing in rotating or moving frames.
✅ Conclusion: Correct; the distinction is meaningful and matches the literature.
⚠️ ST: This is more speculative. Selleri himself doesn’t derive a new Lorentz force law, but some researchers (e.g., in ether theories) propose force laws modified by absolute motion.
✅ If you're referring to extensions of ST that adjust Maxwell–Lorentz equations in a preferred frame, then yes, a modified force law could emerge.
⚠️ But you should clarify that this is not part of Selleri's original proposal, but an extension.
🟡 Conclusion: Partially Correct — needs clarification; not directly from Selleri but from derivative models.
✅ ST: Treats time as absolute and not mixed with space via Lorentz transformations.
✅ SR: Treats space and time as a unified Minkowski spacetime with Lorentz invariance.
✅ Conclusion: Correct.
✅ ST: Since simultaneity is absolute, superluminal signaling does not lead to time-ordering violations.
✅ SR: Allows such violations due to the relativity of simultaneity.
✅ Conclusion: Correct, assuming absolute simultaneity.
⚠️ ST: Avoids SR paradoxes like the twin paradox, ladder paradox, etc., because time and simultaneity are absolute.
⚠️ BUT: Saying “no paradoxes” is a bit too strong — it might be better to say "ST resolves the apparent paradoxes of SR via absolute time."
⚠️ Also, ST may face challenges of its own (e.g., reconciling with certain experimental symmetries or explaining covariance in electrodynamics).
🟡 Conclusion: Largely Correct, but rephrase as "Resolves SR paradoxes" instead of “No paradoxes.”
✅ ST: Assumes a preferred inertial frame (could be linked to the ECI frame or cosmic microwave background frame).
✅ SR: Denies the existence of any preferred inertial frame.
✅ Conclusion: Correct, although "ECI" is only an approximate realization.
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Further says STs theory is different theory to SR.
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AI says - Most people who study Selleri Transformations (STs) regard them as an alternative interpretation or reformulation of Einstein’s special relativity—not part of it, but a different viewpoint that aims to reproduce many of the same experimental results with a different metaphysical foundation.
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Sent: Wednesday, July 23rd 2025, 20:30
Subject: Re: Re: [npa-relativity] RE: RE: Commentary by Nick Part II
Further says STs theory is different theory to SR.
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Roger,
This analysis by AI is very good. AI is getting better! Which AI agent did you use?
It would benefit the contributors to this email group to review it since it clears up a few misunderstandings that have been bouncing back and forth, such as the importance of the relativity of simultaneity (“local time”) on the LTs and that the LTs preserve perceived light speed c in all inertial frames (through the manipulations of clock tempo, length measuring tools, and relative clock settings), while actual light speed in a moving inertial frame would be much different if measured with different tools.
Thanks
Joe
Hi Joe
used chatgpt.
If you saw my talk today. As per analysis by AI - I pointed out the view of mainstream is to dismiss all the problems (such as the one below pointed out by James) as metaphysics.
Mainstream view on SR ->
A theory is deemed correct if its physics is correct - by that is meant the theory fits empirical evidence. And theory is amended to fit experiments implicitly.
While anything else such as its description not making sense; its logic not making sense .... is dismissed as metaphysics that is unimportant.
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Sent: Saturday, July 26th 2025, 23:03
Subject: [npa-relativity] Re: RE: Commentary by Nick Part II
Roger,
This analysis by AI is very good. AI is getting better! Which AI agent did you use?
It would benefit the contributors to this email group to review it since it clears up a few misunderstandings that have been bouncing back and forth, such as the importance of the relativity of simultaneity (“local time”) on the LTs and that the LTs preserve perceived light speed c in all inertial frames (through the manipulations of clock tempo, length measuring tools, and relative clock settings), while actual light speed in a moving inertial frame would be much different if measured with different tools.
Thanks
Joe
From: r.j.an...@btinternet.com r.j.an...@btinternet.com <r.j.an...@btinternet.com>
Date: Tuesday, July 22, 2025 at 11:58 PM
To: Stephan Gift <stepha...@uwi.edu>, NICHOLAS PERCIVAL <nper...@snet.net>, Joe Sorge <joe....@decisivedx.com>, Akinbo Ojo <ta...@hotmail.com>, npa-rel...@googlegroups.com <npa-rel...@googlegroups.com>, HARRY RICKER <kc...@yahoo.com>
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