Rep. David McKinley (R-WV), along with seven other congressional representatives, introduced a new bill to restrict the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) authority to regulate carbon emissions from utility power plants.
Sponsors of H.R. 2127 include six Republicans and two Democrats. One of the Democrats, Rep. Shelley Capito, is also from coal-rich West Virginia, while the other is Rep. Collin Peterson, a conservative 'Blue Dog' Democrat from Minnesota.
In March of last year, the EPA proposed a rule that would have limited carbon dioxide emissions from new power plants to 1000 pounds per megawatt hour. Natural gas-fired plants already easily meet that standard, but coal-fired plants would have serious difficulties. In April of this year, the EPA delayed implementation of the new rule after being inundated with negative comments from coal state Congressmen and lobbyists for the coal industry.
H.R. 2127 appears to be the latest attempt to fend off the inevitable. Not only does it require the mutual agreement of a diverse set of administrators, it uses some particularly tortured definitions:
''Technologically feasible'' refers to the demonstrated operation of carbon capture and storage technologies integrated with power production at an appropriate scale to ensure safe and reliable production of electricity with capture and storage on a widespread geographic basis.
In other words, the carbon capture technology already has to have been deployed and working before the EPA can require it. So some utility would apparently have to install carbon capture technology out of its loving concern for the state of the planet, rather than any statutory requirement.
"Economically feasible" means the present discounted value of the revenue from the projected sale of electricity from a generating unit in a competitive market over the life of a unit that employs carbon capture and storage exceeds the present discounted value of the cost of the unit, including costs associated with any energy required to capture, compress, transport, and store carbon dioxide.
In my opinion, H.R. 2127 is an exercise in the continuing Republican sport of hamstringing the EPA. However, as long as the Senate is controlled by Democrats, the odds of the bill becoming law are approximately zero. Even if enacted, though, the bill is unlikely to save many coal-fired plants, as the economics of energy production are rapidly changing.
Regardless, Coal plants are already under economic distress as shale-produced natural gas is a cheaper source of energy than coal, while carbon pollution-free wind and solar energy continue to drop in price. Renewable energy (wind, solar and geothermal) accounted for 82% of new electrical generation in the U.S. in the first three months of 2013, with the remainder supplied by natural gas, according to the Energy Infrastructure Update report from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's Office of Energy Projects. There has been no new coal-powered generating capacity added this year.
The packet capture utility can be used to observe live network traffic passed by Cisco Meraki devices. Since captures provide a live snapshot of traffic on the network, they can be immensely helpful in diagnosing and troubleshooting network issues. This article outlines how to remotely take a packet capture in Dashboard.
Only Organization-wide and Network-wide administrator accounts will full access can use the packet capture tool. Read-only and monitor-only network administrator accounts will not be able to access this tool.
The packet capture tool is available under Network-wide > Monitor > Packet Capture. An additional dropdown will then be available to select which type of device to perform the capture on:
Access points allow packet captures on the wired or wireless interface. Captures on the wireless interface are useful to troubleshoot issues when clients have connectivity issues to the access point. Captures from the wired interface an offer insight into the access point's interaction with the LAN.
if same network has Wi-Fi 5 Wave 2 or older access point models which do not support Tx Capture, there will be a disclaimer message indicate that not every AP can support Tx capture. The check box will be Grayed out if an unsupported access point is selected.
Note: The default behavior of client packet captures is to capture traffic sourcing from the client. If a bi-directional (to and from) capture from a specific source and destination is required, use this filter wlan addr1 or wlan addr2 . Addr1 and Addr2 represents source and destination respectively.
A switch has the ability to run a packet capture on one or more switch ports at a time. Switch port mirroring can also be used for a longer duration capture. Please see this link for switch port mirroring configuration.
There is currently no capture size limit, besides a capture time of a maximum 60 seconds. Data is streamed live directly from the switch source interface(s) to the user's browser session (over HTTPS, 443). If there is more traffic being captured than the internet connection allows, the capture may be incomplete. In this case, a switch port mirror (span) is recommended.
The WAN appliance/Teleworker gateway allows users to capture on multiple different interfaces. A capture on the site-to-site VPN interface will contain all Meraki site-to-site VPN traffic (it will not contain 3rd party VPN traffic).
NOTE: WAN Appliances and Teleworker Gateways cannot capture traffic that they switch between LAN clients; only routed traffic, or broadcast and multicast traffic that is flooded on the LAN will be visible.
When troubleshooting problems on the network, it is important to try and isolate any hardware that is not handling traffic appropriately. Simultaneous packet captures on multiple ports are useful because they allow the user to see a more complete picture of how traffic is flowing.
Note: When performing a packet capture, it is recommended to use the Output > Download .pcap file (for Wireshark) option and open the resulting raw capture in Wireshark. When using this option, the Verbosity option is not available, because all traffic/information is captured.
When the option Output > View output below is chosen, the Verbosity option is used to determine how much detail should be output in the view below. These options correspond to the following flags in tcpdump.
When parsing and printing, produce (slightly more) verbose output. For example, the time to live, identification, total length and options in an IP packet are printed. Also enables additional packet integrity checks such as verifying the IP and ICMP header checksum.
When parsing and printing, in addition to printing the headers of each packet, print the data of each packet (minus its link level header) in hex and ASCII. Note that use of this flag generates a great deal of output, and should only be used if needed.
You can download a packet capture file to your local computer by selecting Download .pcap file (for Wireshark). This file can then be opened with a program such as Wireshark seconds that can be specified for the capture length. With MR products, the maximum amount of packets captured is 100,000.
A "Rolling Capture" is a capture which automatically saves the output to files at set intervals and can break up a large capture into multiple smaller files. This can be extremely useful when trying to run a long-term capture for troubleshooting intermittent troubles such as choppy audio on VOIP.
For some issues, it may be necessary to perform port mirrors or span port captures which run for long periods of time until the issue occurs. The goal is to run a capture and once the issue surfaces stop the packet capture. If a packet capture is run for a long duration of time, 6 hours, for example, the .pcap file will be too large for your computer to open as captures larger than 100mb become too difficult to open on some computers. To mitigate this trouble, the capture can be set with multiple different options which makes this easier.
Ring Buffers can be set to ensure that you will not fill up all of the disk space on your device. It will start overwriting the oldest file based on how many files you specify. This does not have to be used, but it is useful to ensure you do not fill up your HDD.
In accordance with HB 2373, the SOS has prescribed rules regarding the approval and use of electronic signature capture devices for use with the signature roster. A full copy of the proposed rules is available (Search for 81.58 under Rule Number). In the rules, you will find the process for seeking approval of an electronic signature capture device.
Electronic signature capture devices will be approved with respect to a particular vendor or software. This is to ensure that election officials who choose to purchase certain devices will know whether it will work in conjunction with the software or system they are using.
Companies of all kinds may need to undertake hard copy to soft copy conversion projects. Reasons for doing so include records scanning for compliance purposes, saving space by storing important information as compact and manageable files or seeking to share content more easily with partner organizations.
Document conversion means more than just scanning the content. Companies can and should use more advanced means such as optical character recognition (OCR) to ensure that electronic files are fully searchable in their document management systems, rather than merely being static image files.
As the AIIM survey revealed, many companies fear that third-party organizations are unable to keep up with improvements in digitization technology and scanner software. This is one of the major points in favor of in-house document capture and conversion. When firms take a direct interest in purchasing their capture solutions, they can focus on getting the latest functionality.
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