Solid aka: "plain" bearings are some slippery stuff (usually Delrin nylon - either the sheave or the axle, or a layer between) that is simply directly in contact with the sheave or the axle. They are appropriate for high constant loads because they have more contact surface! The "point load" of a single bearing on the race is quite a lot. Even if you split it among a couple of point loads from a couple of bearings by increasing the diameter.
No matter how "low friction" the material in a solid bearing is, they always have more friction than ball, roller, needle etc bearings with less contact surface.
Roller bearings are in between ball bearings and solid/plain bearings - less contact surface than a solid/plain bearing, but more than a ball bearing.
The stock mast sheaves on my Corsair 31 (and probably Jeff & Vince's) for the jib, screecher and spinnaker are all plain bearing - a solid nylon sheave on a stainless axle. Worth noting they all have a pretty wide diameter also - more contact surface = more friction, but will tolerate the higher loads better. If one were to do a canting mast, a plain bearing for the cap shroud tension would be appropriate - though the FCT list has some folks canting their mast with Colligo lashing deadeyes - even more friction.
But the main halyard top of mast has a ball bearing - but a HUGE diameter (120mm I think I recall) with the bearings near the outer radius - so lots of balls to distribute the load a bit more..and it was definitely failing after 20 years of use. So why? Obviously the main halyard has a very high, constant load, just like the jib, spinnaker and screecher? My guess is that the additional friction on the main halyard was just going to be too annoying that it was worth the (expensive!!) trade off. It did last 20 years after all!
I *think* the stock mast base blocks were solid - why? They have to deal with the constant high load and have to be physically much smaller than the one at the top to fit at the mast base (I think - I could imagine a larger diameter fitting). And they're turning that load 90 degrees. But the deck mounted turning blocks that route the halyards back to the clutches are bearings - roller bearings I think. These still have constant loads while the halyards are raised, but much much lower as they are just turning a corner that is much less than 90 degrees.
My spin/screecher/jib blocks are all a bit squeaky, and I think that isn't a good sign, but it turns out they are unobtanium / fully custom at this point. Alex at Ballard sails suggested I consider the Harken V sheaves / blocks - roller bearings, but arranged in a V to deal with the mast rotation and side loads. Probably a good idea.. but $600 each!
For the J/80's I race, for spinnaker sheets, everyone uses high load ball bearing ratchet-optional blocks - they are quite costly AND only last so long before blowing up. But to get the spin trim feel you need in light wind and be able to trim by hand in medium/high wind you need both the bearings and the (on/off optional) ratchet. The price and replacement price is part of the cost of performance. ;-)
Andy - regarding your solid-for-ball bearing swap - if the additional friction from a solid / plain bearing isn't a problem then it seems like a fine idea. A split-the-difference option would be roller bearings - if the ball bearings last 5-10 years, I wouldn't be surprised if roller bearings last long enough you wouldn't need to worry about replacement.