They Were Here Before Us Pdf
Author Metcalfe
They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America originally published in 1976 was written by professor Dr. Ivan Van Sertima. In this book, the author presents evidence and arguments for the existence of black Africans in America before the arrival of Columbus and the beginning of the Atlantic Slave Trade in 1492. Van Sertima uses written, archaeological, and cultural evidence to support his thesis. In doing so, he also attempts to combat the perceived inferiority of black Africans due to their perceived lack of technological or cultural advancements prior to colonialism in Africa.
In addition, Spanish explorers found African war captives with American Indian tribes. Sailing, especially such great distances, was not an achievement that was typically attributed to Africans of that time, but it would have been necessary to reach the Americas. Van Sertima tells of the emergence of the Mali kingdom and its seafaring ventures, thus providing evidence for sailing capabilities of West Africans. Also, some other West African countries had been known to both fish by boat and sail. In addition, there are stories of Egyptian mariners. Ocean currents such as the Guinea and Canary currents were likely to have aided Africans sailing to America as well. In 1455 the Portuguese sailor Alvise da Cadamostoin encountered West African riverboats in the Gambian river.
Ancient Egypt is regarded as one of the greatest earliest civilizations that has captured the attention and imagination of historians and laypeople alike for years. Though Egypt is located in Africa, typically little of its success has been attributed to black people, but rather to those who migrated from the Middle East. Van Sertima asserts that this idea is false and explains how this belief developed. At the time that the dominant narrative of the origins of ancient Egyptian civilization emerged, the use of African slaves was well into effect. To assuage the Christian conscience for the enslavement of a people, one could not believe that black people were intelligent enough and capable of such feats as the ancient Egyptians. Thus, historians of the time removed, ignored, or minimized any evidence of black contributions to ancient Egyptian civilization. Van Sertima states that even the Greek historian Herodotus had an account of black Egyptian people. Despite this, there were however, agreed upon black kings of the 25th dynasty such as Taharqa.
This book provides numerous arguments for the existence of black Africans in America before the start of the Atlantic Slave Trade. This book is dense with presented evidence and deserves serious study. If each piece of evidence and argument was listed, the list would be as long as the index.
Most of us were taught that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. We were also taught that the first black people to arrive in the Americas were enslaved Africans. What if none of these were true? In fact, there is strong evidence pointing to the fact that Columbus was probably not the first non-native American to set foot in the Americas. So, if Columbus was not first, then who was?
Christopher Columbus first arrived on the American continent in 1492. He left Europe hoping to find a direct route to Asia, and instead stumbled upon the Americas. He became known as the man who discovered the new world of the Americas, and Columbus Day is observed on the second Monday in October each year
First, let me backup and talk about the use of the word discovery for a second. The Oxford dictionary definition of the word is this: an act or the process of finding somebody/something, or learning about something that was not known about before.
The question then became, if America was known by the native Americans because they lived there, how can one say that they discovered it? On the other hand, some people claim that the simple definition of discovery is seeing something for the first time. In which case, we all discovered America. I came here in 2008 so I can also claim I discovered America in 2008.
In particular, let me introduce you to Mansa Abu Bakar II, king of the ancient kingdom of Mali in West Africa. Mansa Abu Bakar was an educated man, who was curious to know what was behind the Atlantic Ocean. In 1311, he sent some of his men with enough provisions to last them years on 200 ships to explore the limits of the ocean. He ordered them to not return until they find what is behind the Atlantic ocean.
So, king Abu Bakari II decided to assemble even more ships, two thousands to be exact; he equipped them with food, water, livestock, gold, and other provisions, left the throne to his brother Mansa Musa, and went to explore himself.
They apparently never returned, so the question is: did they ever reach the Americas? Looking at evidence that modern historians, archaeologists, and researchers are now bringing to light, the answer appears to be yes! The evidence and sources I found to support include:
What is still not being argued, based on what I read, is that Columbus did introduce the Americas to much of Europe and facilitated the establishment of European settlements there. From there, colonization, slavery and everything else you know followed.
Quick disclaimer. This is not saying that Mansa Abu Bakr and/or his people are the first non-native Americans to travel to the Americas. It is merely saying that there is evidence that shows they traveled to the Americas before Columbus. As a matter of fact, I read that the Vikings, and the Chinese traveled there before Mansa Abu Bakari.
You believe that the US encompass all of America and that my friend is where you are wrong. The Asians discovered the west americas, the Vikings the north East Americas, The Africans South America all 900 to 2000 years before the Europeans got here in 1492 fearing the world was flat. Columbus was late to the party. Believe it or not.
Egyptians are not subsaharan Africans/Black Africans and now that DNA if thousands of Egyptian mummies have been tested it can be stated unequivocally that ancient Egyptians of 3000 BC to the Ptolemaic cica 100AD had zero Black African DNA.
Modern DNA proves a link between Homo sapiens and great apes and a migration of Homo sapiens out of Africa 300,000 years ago after that the distinctive appearances of digerati races began to develop but there was no connection or contact between Eurasia and subsaharan Africa for tens of thousands of years and neither Europeans nor Middle Easterners nor Asian owe anything to their Subsaharan brothers and sisters.
What are you talking about. Who is doing all the stealing from the stores with riots. Who are the people on the coast of Africa stealing from ships in the ocean. Who were the ones that sold the ones they called slaves. Stop pointing fingers when you also are up to your necks in greed yourselves. The whites have made the world to what it is today. Useful to all. You can fly because of whites. You can ride in a nice car because of whites. Most of all the invention in the world are from the west. Look around the world and who are the very ones trying to destroy things instead of building them. Yes there are those that are self motives and love there money. That is in every race. Africa have some of the worst. Killing one and enslaving their own people even today. The west ended Slavery. It still goes on in Africa and other countries. Not better place to live on earth than the USA. I have been other places and that is a fact. Freedom and using your brain to do something beside whining and complaining would be a start. You have nothing blame yourself. Stop making other the reason for your problems. There has never been a place on earth that has been better than the USA. You keep focusing on the problem and you will never find the anwser. What all people problem is what is between our ears.
Except for some Viking settlements that were abandoned 1000 years ago there is absolutely no evidence that any other cultures came to America until Christopher Columbus and oddly he considered his voyage a failure because he and his sponsors sent him to find a shortcut to China and the Spice Islands circumventing the Silk Road.
Black Africans were hunter gatherers more or less intl the 18th century and contributed very little to the advancement of civilization between the beginning of recorded history up until more recent times.
GOD PEOPLE OWN The EARTH Especially AMERICA They Was the IST Black Humans EXODUS 4:6 JESUS CHRIST Black REVELATION 1:14,15 Moses Isrealites Jews Pharoh Abraham All Black Genesis 1:1-30 EXODUS 4:6 As Dr Martin Luther king Jr said Before Any Race if People we was Already Here FACTS
Black People is the original people of Earth God Made EXODUS 4:6 He Given then the Whole Earth When they Sinned Against GOD They skin was changed From Black to White FLESH Leperous Snow Deadly Skin Numbers 12:10
Columbus and his sponsors were in a search for a shortcut to the far east or China and spices from Southeast Asia and considered his mission unfulfilled but he did discover up new lands for Europeans to settle and colonise.
There was a rush to the New World and unfortunately almost 90% of indigenous peoples, who had arrived from Asia 13,000 years earlier and colonised north and South America died from exposure to European diseases from which they were not immune.
There are a handful of notable exceptions and the promise first put into language by Thomas Jefferson has yet to be fulfilled and many people would like to demonise that man as a slave holder but he was a man of the 18th century not the 21st century and had he not written that aspirational constitution would Black be better or worse off?
Tobacco was introduced into Africa by the Turks in the 1600s and we know for a fact that Asia did not have pre-columbian tobacco because had they had tobacco it would have come across the Silk Road just like opium had in the pre-columbian era.
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