I use a 1-wire sound sensor board on the ESP8266 so you should be able to use that directly on a Pi as well. The advantage is that you can adjust the sensitivity of the detection and you get a high (sound present) or low (not triggered) which is obviously very easy to process. This would certainly make it suitable for alarm detection, especially if you can position it close to the alarm sounder (otherwise you might get some false triggers).
1-wire sensors have a single data line plus ground and power & are available all over and cost very little.
To work with a bot, firstly you need the Telegram node (I don't recommend using the redbot library) and you will need to overcome the learning curve of setting up a basic bot. Not too hard. Once you have the basics working, you can wire in the output from the sound sensor to trigger an alert.