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LibreOffice (/ˈliːbrə/)[11] is a free and open-source office productivity software suite, a project of The Document Foundation (TDF). It was forked in 2010 from OpenOffice.org, an open-sourced version of the earlier StarOffice. It consists of programs for word processing; creating and editing spreadsheets, slideshows, diagrams, and drawings; working with databases; and composing mathematical formulae. It is available in 120 languages.[9] TDF does not provide support for LibreOffice, but enterprise-focused editions are available from companies in the ecosystem.[12]
LibreOffice uses the OpenDocument standard as its native file format, but supports formats of most other major office suites, including Microsoft Office, through a variety of import and export filters.
It is available for a variety of computing platforms, with official support for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux[13] and community builds for many other platforms. Ecosystem partner Collabora uses LibreOffice upstream code and provides apps for Android, iOS, iPadOS and ChromeOS. LibreOffice is the default office suite of the most popular Linux distributions.[14][15][16][17]
It is the most actively developed free and open-source office suite, with approximately 50 times the development activity of Apache OpenOffice, the other major descendant of OpenOffice.org, in 2015.[18]
The project was announced, and a beta was released on September 28, 2010. LibreOffice was downloaded about 7.5 million times between January 2011 (the first stable release) and October 2011.[19] The project claimed 120 million unique downloading addresses from May 2011 to May 2015 (excluding Linux distributions), with 55 million of those from May 2014 to May 2015.[20] The Document Foundation estimates that there are 200 million active LibreOffice users worldwide, about 25% of whom are students and 10% are Linux users.[21]
LibreOffice is cross platform software. The Document Foundation developers target Microsoft Windows (IA-32 and x86-64), Linux (IA-32, x86-64, and ARM) and macOS (x86-64 and ARM).[29][30] There are community ports for FreeBSD,[31] NetBSD,[32] OpenBSD and Mac OS X 10.5 PowerPC[33] receive support from contributors to those projects, respectively.[34][35][36] LibreOffice is also installable on OpenIndiana via SFE.[37]
Historically, predecessors of LibreOffice, dating back to StarOffice 3, have run on Solaris with SPARC CPUs that Sun Microsystems (and later Oracle) made. Unofficial ports of LibreOffice, whose versions are now obsolete, have supported SPARC. Current unofficial ports of LibreOffice 5.2.5 run only on Intel-compatible hardware, up to Solaris 11.
In 2011, developers announced plans to port LibreOffice both to Android and to iOS.[38] A beta version of a document viewer for Android 4.0 or newer was released in January 2015;[39] in May 2015, LibreOffice Viewer for Android was released with basic editing capabilities.[40] In February 2020, Collabora released its first officially supported version of LibreOffice (branded as Collabora Office) for Android and iOS.[41] In July 2020, Collabora shipped an app, branded Collabora Office, for ChromeOS, as used on the popular Chromebook line of notebook computers as well as other form factors of computers.
In June 2023, Red Hat announced that it will no longer support LibreOffice on future editions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux in order to focus on Wayland support and other priorities towards workstation users. LibreOffice will still be available via distribution-neutral Flatpak.[42] Starting with LibreOffice 7.6 on Fedora 39, packaging and maintenance of LibreOffice on Fedora Linux will be managed by the Fedora LibreOffice Special Interest Group instead of Red Hat.[43][44]
LibreOffice Online is the online office suite edition of LibreOffice. It allows for the use of LibreOffice through a web browser by using the canvas element of HTML5. Development was announced at the first LibreOffice Conference in October 2011, and is ongoing.[46] The Document Foundation, IceWarp, and Collabora announced a collaboration to work on its implementation.[47][48] A version of the software was shown in a September 2015 conference,[49] and the UK Crown Commercial Service announced an interest in using the software.[50][51] On 15 December 2015, Collabora, in partnership with ownCloud, released a technical preview of LibreOffice Online branded as Collabora Online Development Edition (CODE).[52] In July 2016 the enterprise version Collabora Online 1.0 was released.[53] The same month, Nextcloud and Collabora partnered to bring CODE to Nextcloud users.[54][55] By October 2016, Collabora had released nine updates to CODE.[56] The first source code release of LibreOffice Online was done with LibreOffice version 5.3 in February 2017.[57][58] In June 2019, CIB software GmbH officially announced its contributions to LibreOffice Online and "LibreOffice Online powered by CIB".[59]
A detailed 60-page report in June 2015 compared the progress of the LibreOffice project with the related project Apache OpenOffice. It showed that "OpenOffice received about 10% of the improvements LibreOffice did in the period of time studied."[61]
Visually, LibreOffice used the large "Tango style" icons that are used for the application shortcuts, quick launch icons, icons for associated files and for the icons found on the toolbar of the LibreOffice programs in the past,[84][85] and used on the toolbars and menus by default. They were later replaced by multiple icon themes to adapt the look and feel of specific desktop environment, such as Colibre for Windows, and Elementary for GNOME.[86]
LibreOffice also ships with a modified theme which looks native on GTK-based Linux distributions. It also renders fonts via Cairo on Linux distributions; this means that text in LibreOffice is rendered the same as the rest of the Linux desktop.[87]
With version 6.2, LibreOffice includes a ribbon-style GUI, called Notebookbar, including three different views.[88]This feature has formerly been included as an experimental feature in LibreOffice 6 (experimental features must be enabled from LibreOffice settings to make the option available in the View menu).[89]
LibreOffice uses HarfBuzz for complex text layout, it was first introduced in 4.1 for Linux and 5.3 for Windows and macOS.[91][83] Fonts with OpenType, Apple Advanced Typography or SIL Graphite features can be switched by either a syntax in the Font Name input box[92] or the Font Features dialog from the Character dialog.
LibreOffice supports a "hybrid PDF" format, a file in Portable Document Format (PDF) which can be read by any program supporting PDF, but also contains the source document in ODF format, editable in LibreOffice by dragging and dropping.[93]
The LibreOffice project uses a dual LGPLv3 (or later) / MPL 2.0 license for new contributions to allow the license to be upgraded.[94] Since the core of the OpenOffice.org codebase was donated to the Apache Software Foundation, there is an ongoing effort to get all the code rebased to ease future license updates.[95]
LibreOffice supports third-party extensions.[96] As of July 2017[update], the LibreOffice Extension Repository lists more than 320 extensions.[97] Another list is maintained by the Apache Software Foundation[98] and another one by the Free Software Foundation.[99] Extensions and scripts for LibreOffice can be written in C++, Java, CLI, Python, and LibreOffice Basic. Interpreters for the latter two are bundled with most LibreOffice installers, so no additional installation is needed. The application programming interface for LibreOffice is called "UNO" and is extensively documented.[100]
LibreOffice Basic is a programming language similar to Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) but based on StarOffice Basic. It is available in Writer, Calc and Base. It is used to write small programs known as "macros", with each macro performing a different task, such as counting the words in a paragraph.[101]
Members of the OpenOffice.org community who were not Sun Microsystems employees had wanted a more egalitarian form for the OpenOffice.org project for many years; Sun had stated in the original OpenOffice.org announcement in 2000 that the project would eventually be run by a neutral foundation[102] and put forward a more detailed proposal in 2001.[103]
Ximian and then Novell had maintained the ooo-build patch set, a project led by Michael Meeks, to make the build easier on Linux and because it was difficult to get contributions accepted by Sun, even from corporate partners. It tracked the main line of development and was not intended to constitute a fork.[104] It was also the standard build mechanism for OpenOffice.org in most Linux distributions[105] and was contributed to by said distributions.[106]
In 2007, ooo-build was made available by Novell as a software package called Go-oo (ooo-build had used the go-oo.org domain name as early as 2005[107]), which included many features not included in upstream OpenOffice.org. Go-oo also encouraged outside contributions, with rules similar to those later adopted for LibreOffice.[108]
Sun's contributions to OpenOffice.org had been declining for some time.[109] They remained reluctant to accept contributions[110] and contributors were upset at Sun releasing OpenOffice.org code to IBM for IBM Lotus Symphony under a proprietary contract, rather than under an open source licence.[111]
Sun was purchased by Oracle Corporation in early 2010. OpenOffice.org community members were concerned by Oracle's behaviour towards open source software, specifically the Java lawsuit against Google[112] and Oracle's withdrawal of developers,[113] and lack of activity on or visible commitment to OpenOffice.org, as had been noted by industry observers;[114] as Meeks put it in early September 2010, "The news from the Oracle OpenOffice conference was that there was no news."[115] Discussion of a fork started soon after.[116]
On 28 September 2010, The Document Foundation was announced as the host of LibreOffice, a new derivative of OpenOffice.org. The Document Foundation's initial announcement stated their concerns that Oracle would either discontinue OpenOffice.org, or place restrictions on it as an open source project, as it had on Sun's OpenSolaris.[117][118][119][120]
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