'Afrikaanse kapers op de kust', Slavenhandel anno 1627....
Willem-Jan Markerink
Zouden de nabestaanden van deze Ieren/IJslanders/Noorwegers nu ook beoogd
zijn met die claims voor slavernij-herstelbetalingen?
Na het zien van deze verbijsterende TV-docu, twee weken geleden op de
Avro, wilde ik eerst nog wat meer info bij elkaar googelen, met name over
de hoofdpersoon, ene Jan Jans/sz/se, Hollander, bekeerd tot de islam en
als piraat opererende onder de naam Moorat Riz (helaas niet 1x gespeld
gezien, en met geen enkele variant als Murat Riss etc kom ik verder met
Google).
Hele dorpen op IJsland en Ierland (en ik meen ook Noorwegen
(fjorden werden genoemd)) zijn in de jaren '20 en '30 van de 17e eeuw in
de Noord-Afrikaanse slavernij gestort....op enkele van die plaatsen wordt
jaarlijks een herdenking gehouden over deze voorvallen.
(voor Google ende nageslaght heb ik de aanleiding/aankondiging maar even
van de Avro site geplukt, want het stond alleen nog maar in de
google-cache: (http://www.avrokunsttribune.nl/programmas%5Ccloseup.asp)
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Zondag 30 maart: ‘Afrikaanse kapers op de kust’
De documentaire belicht een tot nu toe vrijwel onbekende episode in de
geschiedenis, waarin Noordafrikaanse piraten IJslandse en Ierse burgers
als slaaf ontvoerden. Het gebeurde allemaal in de jaren ’20 en ’30 van de
17de eeuw...
Klik hier om verder te lezen. [WJ: ook dat is al foetsie, helaas]
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Enige hoofdstukje dat ik tot nu toe op het Net heb weten te vinden over
dit onderwerp (maar niet over de man zelf):
http://www.njc-tx.com/kennedy/Slavery/slavery.html
Nog iets algemener, zoekende op 'slavery' en 'algiers':
<http://groups.google.com/groups?q=slavery+algiers&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8
&oe=UTF-8>
En deze wil ik u daaruit beslist niet onthouden, om eea in de juiste
proporties van westerse vs islamitische slavernij te zetten....Patsy
Wereldslet, lees je mee?
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
From: H.E. (bit...@home.com)
Subject: Slavery in Islam
View: Complete Thread (38 articles)
Original Format
Newsgroups: alt.religion.islam
Date: 2002-06-19 15:53:17 PST
Two Views of The History of Islamic Slavery in Africa
By Susan Stephan
Slavery in the Arab World
Murray Gordon
New Amsterdam Books, New York, NY 1989
In his fact-filled work on the history of the Muslim Arab slave trade in
Africa, Murray Gordon notes that this trade pre-dated the European
Christian African slave trade by a thousand years and continued for more
than a century after the Europeans had abolished the practice. Gordon
estimates the number of slaves "harvested" from Black Africa over the
period of the Muslim Arab slave trade at 11 million - roughly equal to the
number taken by European Christians for their colonies in the New World.
"Despite the long history of slavery in the Arab World and in other Muslim
lands, little has been written about this tragedy," writes Gordon in his
introduction. "Except for the few abolitionists, mainly in England, who
railed against Arab slavery and put pressure upon Western governments to
end the traffic in slaves, the issue has all but been ignored in the
West."
'Conspiracy of Silence' on Arab Slave Trade
Gordon decries a "conspiracy of silence. . .[that] has blocked out all
light on this sensitive subject." Among scholars in the Arab world, the
author points out, "No moral opprobrium has clung to slavery since it was
sanctioned by the Koran and enjoyed an undisputed place in Arab society."
The book starts out with a brief outline of the growth of the Islamic
attitude toward slavery. There is no evidence that Muhammad sought to
abolish slavery, notes Gordon, although he urged slave-owners to treat
their slaves well and grant them freedom as a meritorious deed.
"Some Muslim scholars have taken this to mean that his true motive was to
bring about a gradual elimination of slavery. Far more persuasive is the
argument that by lending the moral authority of Islam to slavery, Muhammad
assured its legitimacy. Thus, in lightening the fetter, he riveted it ever
more firmly in place."
High Rate of Black African Casualties
While Gordon acknowledges that at times the Islamic version of slavery
could be more "humane" than the European colonial version, he provides
many facts which point out that the Muslim variety of slavery could be
extremely cruel as well.
One particularly brutal practice was the mutilation of young African boys,
sometimes no more than 9 or ten years old, to create eunuchs, who brought
a higher price in the slave markets of the Middle East. Slave traders
often created "eunuch stations" along the major African slave routes where
the necessary surgery was performed in unsanitary conditions. Gordon
estimates that only one out of every 10 boys subjected to the mutilation
actually survived the surgery.
The taking of slaves - in razzias, or raids, on peaceful African villages
- also had a high casualty rate. Gordon notes that the typical practice
was to conduct a pre-dawn raid on an unsuspecting village and kill off as
many of the men and older women as possible. Young women and children were
then abducted as the preferred "booty" for the raiders.
Young women were targeted because of their value as concubines or sex
slaves in markets. "The most common and enduring purpose for acquiring
slaves in the Arab world was to exploit them for sexual purposes," writes
Gordon. "These women were nothing less than sexual objects who, with some
limitations, were expected to make themselves available to their owners. .
.Islamic law, as already noted, catered to the sexual interests of a man
by allowing him to take as many as four wives at one time and to have as
many concubines as his purse allowed." Young women and girls were often
"inspected" before purchase in private areas of the slave market by the
prospective buyer.
Racism Toward Black Africans
Some of Gordon's research disputes the oft-repeated charge that racism did
not play a part in Islamic slave society. While it is true that the
Muslims of the Middle East took slaves of all colors and ethnicities,
they considered white slaves more valuable than black ones and developed
racist attitudes toward the darker skinned people.
Even the famous Arab philosopher Ibn Khaldun, expressed racist attitudes
toward black Africans: "The only people who accept slavery are the
Negroes, owing to their low degree of humanity and their proximity to the
animal stage," Khaldun wrote. Another Arab writer, of the 14th Century,
asked: "Is there anything more vile than black slaves, of less good and
more evil than they?"
Gordon covers the Arab/African slave trades up until the mid-20th Century,
noting that Saudi Arabia only abolished the practice in the early 1960s.
Unlike the European nations and the USA, the Arab nations did not abolish
African slavery voluntarily out of moral conscience, but due to
considerable economic and military pressure applied by the great colonial
powers of time, France and Britain. Slavery is still practiced in two
Islamic nations: The Sudan and Mauritania.
Further reading about the Arab/Muslim slave trades can be found in the
following book:
Race and Slavery in the Middle East
Bernard Lewis
Oxford University Press (Trade); Reprint edition (April 1992)
An excerpt from this book can be found here
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/lewis1.html
To learn more about the 21st Century slave conditions in The Sudan and
Mauritania, please visit www.iabolish.org
# # #
White Slaves, African Masters
An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives
Edited and with an introduction by Paul Baepler
The University of Chicago Press
1999
This book illuminates a subject once well-known in the history of the West
but which is now somewhat neglected: the enslavement, over several
centuries, of tens of thousands of white Christian Europeans and (later)
Americans in Muslim North Africa -- or the so-called "Barbary" states of
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Tripoli. Over the course of 10 centuries,
tens of thousands of these unfortunates became the possessions of Muslims
in North Africa courtesy of the feared Barbary pirates. These pirates
cruised the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in search of European
and, later, American ships to pillage and plunder.
Edited by a lecturer at the University of Minnesota, Paul Baepler, this
book focuses on first-person accounts of American Christians who served as
slaves to high-ranking Muslim officials in North Africa. Baepler also
provides fascinating background commentary that puts the narratives into
historical perspective. He includes two "fictional" narratives of female
captives. (According to Baepler, Christian women captives of the Barbary
states - unlike male captives - usually did not publish their testimonies
under their real names, due to the fact that many of them had been
"dishonored" by service in the harems of Barbary potentates.)
As Baepler notes in his introduction, Christian slaves of European
ancestry were hardly an uncommon phenomenon in the Barbary States. The
Barbary pirates were excellent seafarers and, from the Coasts of North
Africa, sailed as far north as Iceland (where they went ashore and
captured 800 slaves during one incident) and as far West as Newfoundland,
Canada, where they pillaged more than 40 vessels at one time. By 1620,
reports Baepler, there were more than 20,000 white Christian slaves in
Algiers alone, and by the 1630s that number tolled more than 30,000 men
and 2,000 women. The most famous of all white Christian Europeans to serve
as a slave in the Barbary States was probably Miguel de Cervantes, the
great Spanish author of the "Don Quixote" epic, who was taken as a slave
in the late 1500s.
An Important Source of Revenue
European and (later on) American slaves appeared to have been important
source of foreign revenue for the local economies for several centuries.
First, European and (later) American governments paid huge sums in
"tribute" to the Muslim governments in exchange for "peace treaties" that
were supposed to halt the pirate attacks on their trading and naval ships.
Those nations who did not pay suffered the consequences. Second, enslaved
Europeans and Americans were often redeemed for a handsome ransom. And
third, even if the Muslim governments received no "tribute" or ransom,
they still benefited from the unpaid labor of their captives.
Baepler quotes a Barbary Coast maxim that illustrates the viewpoints of
the pirates and their sponsoring states: "The Christians who would be on
good terms with [the Barbary States] must [either] fight well or pay
well."
The first-person narratives reproduced in this book do not support the
often-repeated contention that slavery was somehow a more human
institution in the Islamic world than it was in the European colonies of
the New World.
By and large, the Christian slaves were poorly fed and housed, existing,
by one account, on a meager ration of two slices of bread and a small
quantity of beans per day. Clothing - and medical care -- was provided by
sympathetic free Europeans living in North Africa; slave-owners provided
nothing. Spanish Catholic priests even built a large hospital in Algeria
to look after ill and dying Christian slaves.
The most popular punishment was the "bastinado" - hundreds of blows on the
soles of the feet with a thick wooden truncheon. For more severe offenses,
such as attempting to escape or ridiculing the Muslim religion or prophet,
slaves were executed in particularly cruel ways: by crucifixion, burning
at the stake or impalement on huge iron hooks until death. The narrators
of these slave accounts witnessed many acts of brutality toward the
Christian slaves, as well as toward the general North African populace
ruled over by the elite: the beys, deys and bashaws of the Barbary States.
Baepler quotes from, but does not include, the narrative of one James
Riley, an American Barbary captive of the early 1800s who published a book
about his experiences upon returning to the United States. The book became
an influential "best-seller" in the young nation of the USA and influenced
those Americans who worked for abolition of the shameful practice of Black
African slavery in the Southern States of the USA. Riley's book was said
to have greatly influenced one young lawyer named Abraham Lincoln, who, as
16th president of the United States, signed the Emancipation Proclamation
abolishing slavery in the U.S. in 1863.
As for the Barbary pirate slave trade, it continued sporadically up until
the dawn of the 20th Century, and was not abolished until military and
economic pressure was applied by the colonial powers of Europe (with, in
come cases, assistance from the military might of the USA).
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Enfin, ik hou me aanbevolen voor meer info & pointers over deze Moorat
Riz/Jan Janse....
Meeste info schijnt door een NL'er bij elkaar gescharreld te zijn, een ex-
marine officier oid, en een groot deel van de info over de man zelf moet
uit scheepsarchieven in Wenen(of all places) gevist zijn....
--
Bye,
Willem-Jan Markerink
The desire to understand
is sometimes far less intelligent than
the inability to understand
<w.j.ma...@a1.nl>
[note: 'a-one' & 'en-el'!]
P60
gingen dit keer wel vrijwillig.
--------
"The shock has backfired on them. They are shocked because of what they have
seen. No one received them with roses. They were received with bombs, shoes
and bullets. Now, the game has been exposed. Awe will backfire on them. This
is the boa snake. We will extend it further and cut it the appropriate way."
Mohammed Saeed al-Sahaf
Albert
They Were White and They Were Slaves:
The Untold History of the Enslavement of Whites in Early America
by Michael A. Hoffman II
Independent History 1993; ISBN 0-929-90305-6
**************************************************
** Integratie is de *Kunst* van het samenleven **
** en niet het opgeven van je eigen identiteit. **
**************************************************
** La integración es el *arte* de la vida en común
** y no el abandono de tu propia identidad.
**************************************************
Saludos cordiales
Albert de *tolerante* nikker
www.sabroso.cjb.net ,Listen to Sabroso's Disco
"Willem-Jan Markerink" <w.j.ma...@a1.nl> wrote in message
news:Xns935E3B304B00...@130.133.1.4...
Albert
by Kelly d. Whittaker
A famous history professor stated that history was not a science but a
continuing investigation into the past; a person's conclusion is based on
their own bias. This story will offer evidence that the Alba, Scots, Irish
and Pics have been the longest race held in slavery. The reader will be
responsible for their own bias pertaining to White Slavery.
Alexander Stewart was herded off the Gildart in July of 1747, bound with
chains. Stewart was pushed onto the auction block in Wecomica, St Mary's
County, Maryland. Doctor Stewart and his brother William were attending the
auction, aware of Alexander being on that slave ship coming from Liverpool
England. Doctor Stewart and William were residents of Annapolis and
brothers to David of Ballachalun in Montieth, Scotland. The two brothers
paid nine pound six shillings sterling to Mr. Benedict Callvert of Annapolis
for the purchase of Alexander. He was a slave. Alexander tells of the
other 88 Scots sold into slavery that day in "THE LYON IN MOURNING" pages
242-243.
Jeremiah Howell was a lifetime-indentured servant by his uncle in Lewis
County, Virginia in the early 1700's. His son, Jeremiah, won his freedom by
fighting in the Revolution. There were hundreds of thousands of Scots sold
into slavery during Colonial America. White slavery to the American
Colonies occurred as early as 1630 in Scotland.
According to the Egerton manuscript, British Museum, the enactment of 1652:
it may be lawful for two or more justices of the peace within any county,
citty or towne, corporate belonging to the commonwealth to from tyme to tyme
by warrant cause to be apprehended, seized on and detained all and every
person or persons that shall be found begging and vagrant.. in any towne,
parish or place to be conveyed into the Port of London, or unto any other
port from where such person or persons may be shipped into a forraign
collonie or plantation.
The judges of Edinburgh Scotland during the years 1662-1665 ordered the
enslavement and shipment to the colonies a large number of rogues and others
who made life unpleasant for the British upper class. (Register for the
Privy Council of Scotland, third series, vol. 1, p 181, vol. 2, p 101).
The above accounting sounds horrific but slavery was what the Scots have
survived for a thousand years. The early ancestors of the Scots, Alba and
Pics were enslaved as early as the first century BC. Varro, a Roman
philosopher stated in his agricultural manuscripts that white slaves were
only things with a voice or instrumenti vocali. Julius Caesar enslaves as
many as one million whites from Gaul. (William D Phillips, Jr. SLAVERY
FROM ROMAN TIMES TO EARLY TRANSATLANTIC TRADE, p. 18).
Pope Gregory in the sixth century first witnessed blonde hair, blue eyed
boys awaiting sale in a Roman slave market. The Romans enslaved thousands
of white inhabitants of Great Britain, who were also known as Angles. Pope
Gregory was very interested in the looks of these boys therefore asking
their origin. He was told they were Angles from Briton. Gregory stated,
"Non Angli, sed Angeli." (Not Angles but Angels).
The eighth to the eleventh centuries proved to be very profitable for Rouen
France. Rouen was the transfer point of Irish and Flemish slaves to the
Arabian nations. The early centuries AD the Scottish were known as Irish.
William Phillips on page 63 states that the major component of slave trade
in the eleventh century were the Vikings. They spirited many 'Irish' to
Spain, Scandinavia and Russia. Legends have it; some 'Irish' may have been
taken as far as Constantinople.
Ruth Mazo Karras wrote in her book, "SLAVERY AND SOCIETY IN MEDEIVEL
SCANDINAVIA" pg. 49; Norwegian Vikings made slave raids not only against the
Irish and Scots (who were often called Irish in Norse sources) but also
against Norse settlers in Ireland or Scottish Isles or even in Norway
itself.slave trading was a major commercial activity of the Viking Age. The
children of the White slaves in Iceland were routinely murdered en masse.
(Karras pg 52)
According to these resources as well as many more, the Scots-Irish have been
enslaved longer than any other race in the world's history. Most
governments do not teach White Slavery in their World History classes.
Children of modern times are only taught about the African slave trade. The
Scots do not need to be taught because they are very aware of the atrocities
upon an enslaved race. Most importantly, we have survived to become one to
the largest races on Earth!!!
White Slavery in America
The topic of this story is a sensitive one yet one of great importance.
White slavery in America was real. There are many documents that verify the
bondage, kidnapping and transporting of Brits to the Colonies as slaves.
The importance of this story will help those who cannot find a ship
passenger list on their ancestor. This story may not pertain to all who
came to America that are not listed on ship passenger lists.
The Journal of Negro History #52 pp.251-273 states, "The sources of racial
thought in Colonial America pertaining to slave trade worked both directions
with white merchandise as well as black."
Thomas Burton recorded in his Parliament Diary 1656-1659 vol. 4 pp. 253-274
a debate in the English Parliament focusing on the selling of British whites
into slavery in the New World. The debate refers to whites as slaves 'whose
enslavement threatened the liberties of all Englishmen.'
The British government had realized as early as the 1640's how beneficial
white slave labor was to the profiting colonial plantations. Slavery was
instituted as early as 1627 in the British West Indies. The Calendar of
State Papers, Colonial Series of 1701 records 25000 slaves in Barbados in
which 21700 were white slaves.
George Downing wrote a letter to the honorable John Winthrop Colonial
Governor of Massachusetts in 1645, "planters who want to make a fortune in
the West Indies must procure white slave labor out of England if they wanted
to succeed." Lewis Cecil Gray's History of Agriculture in the Southern
United States to 1860 vol.1 pp 316, 318 records Sir George Sandys' 1618 plan
for Virginia, referring to bound whites assigned to the treasurer's office.
"To belong to said office forever. The service of whites bound to Berkeley
Hundred was deemed perpetual."
The Quoke Walker case in Massachusetts 1773 ruled that; slavery contrary to
the state Constitution was applied equally to Blacks and Whites in
Massachusetts.
Statutes at Large of Virginia, vol. 1 pp. 174, 198, 200, 243 & 306 did not
discriminate Negroes in bondage from Whites in Bondage.
Marcellus Rivers and Oxenbridge Foyle, England's Slaves 1659 consists of a
statement smuggled out of the New World and published in London referring to
whites in bondage who did not think of themselves as indentured servants but
as "England's Slaves" and "England's merchandise."
Colonial Office, Public Records Office, London 1667, no. 170 records that
"even Blacks referred to the White forced laborers in the colonies as "white
slaves." Pages 343 through 346 of Historical Sketch of the Persecutions
Suffered by the Catholics of Ireland by; Patrick F. Moran refers to the
transportation of the Irish to the colonies as the "slave-trade."
Ulrich B. Phillips, Life and Labor in the Old South explain that white
enslavement was crucial to the development of the Negro slave system. The
system set up for the white slaves governed, organized and controlled the
system for the black slaves. Black slaves were "late comers fitted into a
system already developed." Pp 25-26. John Pory declared in 1619, "white
slaves are our principle wealth."
The above quotations from various authors are just the tip of the iceberg on
the white slave trade of the Americas. People from the British Isles were
kidnapped, put in chains and crammed into ships that transported hundreds of
them at a time. Their destination was Virginia Boston, New York, Barbados
and the West Indies. The white slaves were treated the same or worse than
the black slave. The white slave did not fetch a good price at the auction
blocks. Bridenbaugh wrote in his accounting on page 118, having paid a
bigger price for the Negro, the planters treated the black better than they
did their "Christian" white servant. Even the Negroes recognized this and
did not hesitate to show their contempt for those white men who, they could
see, were worse off than themselves.
Governments have allowed this part of American and British history to be
swallowed up. The contemptible black slavery has taken a grip on people
associated with American History. Yet, no one will tell of these
accountings that are well established on to the middle 1800's.
Slavery is not something to be proud of but it is a fact that happened to
every country, kingdom and empire that has been on this earth. Each of us
needs to search our hearts and find the answer to stop racial hatred. One
place to begin; realize that the black race was not the only race in the
last 400 years that was in bondage.
**************************************************
** Integratie is de *Kunst* van het samenleven **
** en niet het opgeven van je eigen identiteit. **
**************************************************
** La integración es el *arte* de la vida en común
** y no el abandono de tu propia identidad.
**************************************************
Saludos cordiales
Albert de *tolerante* nikker
www.sabroso.cjb.net ,Listen to Sabroso's Disco
"Albert" <m...@somewhere.nl> wrote in message
news:b7gfit$ahf$1...@nl-news.euro.net...
luctor-e...@holland.nl
wrote:
>ene Jan Jans/sz/se, Hollander, bekeerd tot de islam en
>als piraat opererende onder de naam Moorat Riz (helaas niet 1x gespeld
>gezien, en met geen enkele variant als Murat Riss etc kom ik verder met
>Google).
Niet 'bekeerd' hoor. Islamistisch 'bekeerd' ... ;-)
Ja, dat was een verfrissende uitzending.
Hier wat urls.
http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~windmill/html/murad
Jan was known in the English speaking world as Captain John, John Barber and
Little John Ward.
His Arabic names were Caid Morato, Morat, Morat Rais, Murad, Murad Reis, Mutare
Reis, Morato Reis and Murat Reis. Reis or rais in Arabic means captain.
+ + +
Even opletten met die namen: er is ook nog een andere 'bekeerde' zeevaarder,
precies omgekeerd: Reis Murad. Een Engelsman. Hmmm, ben benieuwd hoe die
woorden zich tot elkaar verhouden en waar ze etymologisch vanaf stammen in het
Arabisch: Murad, Morato, Murad, Morat, Mutare ...
+ + +
http://www.themodernreligion.com/ht/ward-the-pirate.html
One Inquisition court, in the year 1610, investigated no fewer than thirty-nine
Britons. Twelve of them were from the ports of the West Country. Ten were
Londoners; six were from Plymouth, and others originated in Middlesbrough,
Lyme, and the Channel Islands. In 1631, the Inquisition in the Spanish city of
Murcia tried one Alexander Harris, who as Reis Murad had become a prominent
Muslim seafarer. He was convicted, forced to convert to Catholicism, and
sentenced to seven years as a galley-slave. Another unfortunate Englishman was
Francis Barnes, who admitted to the inquisitors that he had faithfully prayed
and fasted ‘in the Mahometan manner’ while working as a ship’s pilot at Tunis,
where he was captured by Spanish raiders. In 1626, Robin Locar of Plymouth,
also known as Ibrahim, was captured by Tuscan galleys and convicted of
practising Islam. Captain Jonas of Dartmouth, known as Mami al-Inglizi, was yet
another victim of these dreaded Spanish raiders.
+ + +
Verder over Jan Janszoon Van Haarlem, aka Murad Reis.
Jan Janszoon (seventeenth century)
http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Garden/5213/janszoon.htm
While in Algiers Janszoon was converted to the Islam and took a second wife
which is acceptable according to the Islamic faith. He also adopted the name of
Murat Reis (Murat, Morat, Murate or Morato).
Ancestors of Maria Gulick - Seventh Generation
http://www.proaxis.com/~fclarke/maria/pafg07.htm
76. Admiral Jan Jansze 1 was born in Haarlem, , , Netherlands. He died in
(prob), , , Morocco. Jan married Moroccan Concubine.
77. Moroccan Concubine.
Jan Janszoon (alias Murat Reis) was one of the most succesful corsairs of the
Mediterranean sea. Like so many Dutch pirates Jan, of the city Haarlem, began
his career as a privateer. He sailed with a letter of Marque to capture pirates
that operated from Duinkerken. Because this trade was not very lucrative he
became a pirate. He eventually became Admiral of a pirate fleet and Governor of
the quasi-independent state of Salee in Morocco. (1) (2)
(1) Phillip Gosse, History of Piracy, The, Tudor, 1934.
(2) Peter Lamborn Wilson, Pirate Utopias: Moorish Corsairs & European
Renegadoes, Autonomedia, 1995
+ + +
Haarlem in die tijd ...
http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/art/r/ruysdael/jacob/2/view_hab.jpg
http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/art/r/ruysdael/jacob/2/view_haa.jpg
+ + +
Zie verder:
Van Salee
http://www.geocities.com/dane97520/VanSalee.html
[...] and his companion and later rival, Jan Jansen van Haarlem, both sea
rovers. He said that Anthony was undoubtedly of mixed descent, and that when
young, he had been subject to the Mohammedan faith sufficiently to give rise to
the several instances of his being referred to (erroneously) in records as a
"Turk," and to the designation of his farm on Long Island as the "Turk's
Plantation." There was also very early a family of the name "Turk" (Turck) in
New Amsterdam, with which our Anthony is not connected.
Admiral Jan Janse (/Jansz /Jansen) (Van Haarlem)
http://www.pcez.com/~bigshoe/Vgar/vanleuven.html
Jan Jansen, aka Morat Rais, the Caid Morato, and "Captain John", was a Dutch
merchant-turned-buccaneer who became the Admiral of the fleet of Muley Zidan,
Sultan of Morocco. He served as Governor of Salee, that country's chief
seaport. Jan's piracy dealt less in treasure than in slaves. He and his men
raided towns as far away as Baltimore, Ireland and Reykjavik, Iceland. His
Crescent Medal was passed down throught the family and is now said to be in the
Holland Society of New York.
In 1605, Jan, a Dutch merchant (/privateer?) sailed on a letter of marque to
capture pirates. Finding little profit in this, he became a pirate himself. The
mother of Jan's sons (4546) Anthony and Abraham was probably an Arabic-speaking
Moor. These were expelled from Spain in 1610, fleeing to Salee.
Jan was captured and enslaved in the Canary Islands in 1618, and taken to
Algiers. Possibly released by the good offices of Izaak Pallache, a Portugese
Jewish merchant of Amsterdam, he converted to Islam in 1622 and went into the
service of Sultan Muley Zidan. While in the Sultan's service, Jan carried out
his notorious raid on Iceland. Jan was known to be instrumental in securing the
release of many Dutch captives in Morocco (probably for a good price).
Jan sent Anthony and Abraham to Amsterdam in 1629, a year of famine in Morocco,
during which Zidan's successor, Moulay Abd el-Malek, was assasinated. An
apparently well-lettered man who understood several languages, Jan participated
in 1631 in establishing a truce between el-Malek's successor, Moulay el-Oualid,
and King Louis XIII. Having been an ally of the English under Zidan, he now
raided England and Ireland under el-Oualid. Jan was captured in 1635 by the
Maltese Knights, but escaped.
Jan apparently maintained a good relationship with the first wife and family he
had left behind when he became a pirate. His wife visited him in 1623, while he
was in Veere, Netherlands for repairs to his ship; and his daughter Elizabeth
and her husband came to Morocco to visit him in 1640-41. That was the last year
of any record of Jan.
Relatie tussen Marokko en Nederland
http://alamal.denhaag.org/relatie_marokkoNederland_nl.htm
Een van deze schepen stond onderleiding van Kapitein Moerad Raeis, de tot Islam
bekeerde Jan Janz van Haarlem die uiteindelijk tot gouverneur van Salé een druk
overslagpunt en thuishaven voor schepen uit Nederland. Behalve in schepen en
hoger scheepskader was Marokko ook geïnteresseerd in wapens, munitie en fijn
geweven.
De Schiedammer Pieter Maartensz Coy die de functie van de inmiddels vertrokken
Jacob Baltholomeüsz had overgenomen werd met een grote ceremonie in Marakesch
ontvangen. De missie waarmee Pieter Maartensz Coy door de Staten-Generaal naar
Marokko was gezonden luide: een zodanige toenadering tussen de beide landen te
bewerkstelligen, dat een vrije toegang tot elkaars havens en een onbelemmerde
handel een veilige personeelsverkeer in een formeel verdrag werd vastgelegd.
Echter de eerste vier jaar van zijn verblijf in Marokko kon hij zijn opdracht
niet vervullen vanwege de interne problemen in Marokko. Namelijk Charif Moulay
Ahmed El. Mansour, had elk van zijn drie zoons een deel van zijn rijk
toebedeeld, maar aangezien de een zich meer benadeeld voelde dan andere,
ontstond er onenigheid. Passt toen de Jongeste zoon van de Grote Keizer, Moulay
Zidan zich een stabiele plaats wist toe te eigenen kon Pieter Maartensz Coy aan
zijn opdracht beginnen. In 1609 had de Keizer zijn antwoord klaar en zond hij
een Marokkaanse gezantschap mee met twee schepen die de Staten-Generaal der
Nederlanden hem ter beschikking hadden gesteld. Dit gezantschap bestond uit de
Caid Hamoe Ben Bachir en zijn Joodse Secretaris de Zakenman Samuel Pallache,
die later Ambassadeur voor Marokko in Nederland werd, Prins Maurits,
schriftelijk en mondeling overbrachten, bleek dat de Keizer instemde met het
door Nederland voorgestelde verdrag inzake vrijheid van handel en verkeer
alsmede veiligheid van personen en goederen. Als tegenprestatie verwachtte
Marokko drie a vier oorlogsschepen en oorlogsmateriaal van Nederland.
BARBARY
http://100.1911encyclopedia.org/B/BA/BARBARY.htm
In this century, indeed, the main strength of the pirates was supplied by
renegades from all parts of Christendom. An English gentleman of the
distinguished Buckinghamshire family of Verney was for a time among them at
Algiers. This port was so much the most formidable that the name of Algerine
came to be used as synonymous with Barbary pirate, but the same trade was
carried on, though with less energy, from Tripoli and Tunis— as also from towns
in the empire of Morocco, of which the most notorious was Salli. The
introduction of sailing ships gave increased scope to the activity of the
pirates. While the galleys, being unfit for the high seas, were confined to the
Mediterranean and the coast, the sailing vessels ranged into the Atlantic as
far as the Canaries or even to Iceland. In 1631 a Flemish renegade, known as
Murad Reis, sacked Baltimore in Ireland. and carried away a number of captives
who were seen in the slave-market of Algiers by the French historian Pierre
Dan.
The first half of the x7th century maybe described as the flowering time of the
Barbary pirates. More than 20,000 captives were said to be imprisoned in
Algiers alone. The rich were allowed to redeem themselves, but the poor were
condemned to slavery. Their masters would not in many cases allow them to
secure freedom by professing Mahommedanism. A long list.might be given of
people of good social position, not only Italians or Spaniards, but German or’
English travellers in the south, who were captives for a time. The chief
sufferers were the inhabitants of the coasts of Sicily, Naples and Spain. But
all traders belonging to nations which did not pay blackmail in order to secure
immunity were liable to be taken at sea. The payment of blackmail, disguised as
presents or ransoms, did not always secure safety with these faithless
barbarians. The most powerful states in’ Europe condescended to make payments
to them and to tolerate their insults. Religious orders—the Redemptionists and
Lazarites—were engaged in working for the redemption of captives and large
legacies were left for that purpose in many countries. The continued existence
of this African piracy was indeed a disgrace to Europe, for it was due to the
jealousies of the powers themselves. France encouraged them during her rivalry
with Spain; and when, she had no further need of them they were supported
against her by Great Britain and Holland. In the 18th century British public
men were not ashamed to say that Barbary -piracy was a useful check on the
competition of the weaker Mediterranean nations in the carrying trade. When
Lord Exmouth sailed to coerce Algiers in i816, he ‘expressed doubts in a
private letter whether the suppression of piracy would be acceptable to the
trading community. Every power was, indeed, desirous to secure immunity for
itself and more or less ready to compel Tripoli, Tunis, Algiers, SaW and
Google Groups: Bekijk thread "VAN HAARLEM Jan Jansen; MAR; c. 1640"
http://tinyurl.com/9k5l
... became Admiral of the fleet of Muley Zidan, Sultan of Morocco. He later
became Governor
of the Castle of El Oualidia. He married a Moor. Jan Jansen VAN_HAARLEM ...
soc.genealogy.surnames.misc - 3 feb 1998 geschreven door D.E. Schillinger -
Bekijk Thread (1 bijdrage)
__
On the road that I have taken
one day, walking, I awaken,
amazed to see where I have come,
where I'm going, where I'm from.
- The Book of Counted Sorrows
Willem-Jan Markerink
news:j2ln9vcanqd550qhf...@4ax.com:
> On 15 Apr 2003 03:49:23 GMT, "Willem-Jan Markerink"
> <w.j.ma...@a1.nl> wrote:
>
>
> KNIP
>>xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>Zondag 30 maart: ‘Afrikaanse kapers op de kust’
>>De documentaire belicht een tot nu toe vrijwel onbekende episode in de
>>geschiedenis, waarin Noordafrikaanse piraten IJslandse en Ierse burgers
>>als slaaf ontvoerden. Het gebeurde allemaal in de jaren ’20 en ’30 van
>>de 17de eeuw...
>>Klik hier om verder te lezen. [WJ: ook dat is al foetsie, helaas]
>>xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>
>>
> KNIP
>
> Het verbaasd me niks.
> De Noormannen haalden aan de kusten van Afrika hetzelfde uit,
Eh....heb je dat laatste stuk van mijn posting ook gelezen?
De Arabieren (niet moslims, dat is pas na 604DC) waren al een millennium
eerder aktief.