Jakarta I

[Glendora Starr]

TheApache Tomcat software is an open source implementationof theJakarta Servlet,Jakarta Pages,Jakarta Expression Language,Jakarta WebSocket,Jakarta Annotations andJakarta Authenticationspecifications. These specifications are part of theJakarta EE platform.

The Jakarta EE platform is the evolution of the Java EE platform. Tomcat 10and later implement specifications developed as part of Jakarta EE. Tomcat 9 andearlier implement specifications developed as part of Java EE.

The Apache Tomcat software is developed in an open and participatoryenvironment and released under theApache License version 2. TheApache Tomcat project is intended to be a collaboration of the best-of-breeddevelopers from around the world. We invite you to participate in this opendevelopment project. To learn more about getting involved,click here.

Apache Tomcat software powers numerous large-scale, mission-critical webapplications across a diverse range of industries and organizations. Some ofthese users and their stories are listed on thePoweredBywiki page.

Applications that run on Tomcat 9 and earlier will not run on Tomcat 10without changes. Java EE based applications designed for Tomcat 9 and earliermay be placed in the $CATALINA_BASE/webapps-javaee directory andTomcat will automatically convert them to Jakarta EE and copy them to thewebapps directory. This conversion is performed using theApache Tomcatmigration tool for Jakarta EE tool which is also available as a separatedownload for off-line use.

The Apache Tomcat Project is proud to announce the release of version 9.0.90of Apache Tomcat. This release implements specifications that are part of theJava EE 8 platform. The notable changes compared to 9.0.89 include:

Users of Tomcat 10 onwards should be aware that, as a result of the move fromJava EE to Jakarta EE as part of the transfer of Java EE to the EclipseFoundation, the primary package for all implemented APIs has changed fromjavax.* to jakarta.*. This will almost certainlyrequire code changes to enable applications to migrate from Tomcat 9 and earlierto Tomcat 10 and later. Amigrationtool is available to aid this process.

The Apache Tomcat Project is proud to announce the release of 1.0.8 of theApache Tomcat Migration Tool for Jakarta EE. This release contains a number ofbug fixes and improvements compared to version 1.0.7.

Version 1.2.5 is a minor bug fix release reverting a change made in 1.2.1 where modified the HTTP method during POST operations, and fixing anissues that resulted in an AccessControlException during startup unlesspermission was granted to read the accessExternalEntity property.

EducationUSA U.S. Embassy Jakarta provides accurate, comprehensive, current, and unbiased information about opportunities to study at accredited postsecondary institutions in the United States. We offer free guidance, resources, and events to help students pursuing their studies in the U.S. We also welcome the U.S. Higher Educations community to help them meet their recruitment and campus internationalization goals.

Due to the ongoing pandemic, our center is now closed for walk-in services until further notice. However, you may visit calendly.com/educationusaindonesia and book free virtual advising with our adviser, Muhammad Iqbal. If you have any questions, you can email us at jak...@educationusa.org.

The Java ecosystem has a new focus on cloud computing, and Jakarta EE is key to that approach. Jakarta EE's goal is to accelerate business application development for cloud computing (cloud-native applications), working with specifications developed by many vendors. This project is based on Java EE 8, and its specifications, Technology Compatibility Kits (TCKs), and Reference Implementations (RI) were all migrated from Oracle to the Eclipse Foundation.

To evolve these specifications for cloud computing, however, we cannot work with the same processes used on Java EE, because they are too slow for current enterprise challenges. Thus, the Eclipse Foundation's first action was to change the process to evolve Jakarta EE.

The Jakarta EE 8 has the same set of specifications from Java EE 8 with no changes in its features. The only change is the new process to evolve these specifications. With this, Jakarta EE 8 is a milestone in Java enterprise history, as it inserts these specifications in a new process to boost the specifications to a cloud-native application approach.

The goal of JESP is to be as lightweight as possible, with a design that is closer to open source development and that keeps code-first development in mind. With this, the JESP promotes a new culture focusing on experimentation to evolve these specifications based on knowledge gained through that experimentation.

Jakarta EE 8 is focused on updating its process to evolve, and the first updates in features will come in Jakarta EE 9. The main update expected in Jakarta EE 9 is the birth of the Jakarta NoSQL specification.

Jakarta NoSQL is a specification aimed at easing integration between Java applications and NoSQL databases, promoting a standard solution to connect them with a high level of abstraction. This feature is fantastic. It's also a big step in getting the Java platform closer to a cloud-native approach, because NoSQL databases are widely used in cloud environments and improvement is expected. The Jakarta NoSQL is based on Eclipse JNoSQL, which will be its reference implementation.

Another update expected in Jakarta EE involves namespace. Basically, Oracle gave the Java EE project to the Eclipse Foundation, but Oracle still holds the trademark. This means the Eclipse Foundation cannot use Java or javax in the project name or namespace for new features of Jakarta EE. Thus, the community is discussing transitioning to the jakarta.* namespace. You can read the discussion thread here.

In January 2019, Transjakarta celebrated its 15th anniversary as the first BRT in South East Asia. Within 15 years, Transjakarta has become the longest BRT in the world and now boasts a daily ridership of 800,000 people. Its popularity and network are still growing.

One particularly consequential result of the integration are the improvements in service among transit operators integrated with Transjakarta. Right now, the small and medium bus operators integrated with Transjakarta follow the Transjakarta Minimum Service Standards (MSS), which prohibits smoking on board, and requires that drivers follow speed regulations and stop at designated locations, among other enforced rules. These rules are enforced through fines and are successful in limiting or diminishing such problematic behavior. Each Transjakarta vehicle is equipped with air conditioning and special designated areas for elderly, pregnant women, and disabled people as well as spaces for women to sit to avoid harassment. Passengers have learned to utilize these areas appropriately.

Transjakarta is adding roughly 10 routes every month to its existing service, further expanding its ridership. Jakarta unveiled a Metrorail (MRT) in 2019 that runs along the same route as Corridor 1 of Transjakarta. It was anticipated that the metro would compete with the BRT but both forms of transportation have had ridership increases recently. While only two stations along the MRT corridor are integrated with the BRT, fully integrated stations are planned for in upcoming phases. The MRT is scheduled to expand to another corridor which is expected to be fully integrated with Transjakarta and will focus on multimodal forms of transportation. Another exciting innovation is the planned electrification of buses. Transjakarta is piloting electric buses to add to their fleet. Their ambitious timeline plans to develop a full corridor of electric buses by 2020 in an effort to combat pollution and climate change.

Transjakarta plans to add more routes, more integration, and better vehicles in order to serve more people. In the next few years, Transjakarta aims to cover 70% of the people near transit in the Jakarta region, which will lead to providing service to over 1 million passengers daily. This increase will help Jakarta by decreasing congestion and getting more cars off of the road. Transjakarta serves as an example both within the region and worldwide. It demonstrates how thoughtful planning can lead to high quality and popular public transportation.

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