There is nothing like that I'm afraid. For one thing, the current document may not have a name.
However, depending on what you're actually trying to do, you may get some inspiration from the aspell macro. It should be installed in /usr/share/ne/macros or /usr/local/share/ne/macros, depending on your build parameters or how your packager decided to build ne. I'll just copy that macro here:
# This example macro works with your system's aspell
# command to spell-check the selected block of text.
# The AtomicUndo commands at the beginning and end make
# it possible to undo/redo the entire operation in one
# go. Otherwise the Cut and Paste would each require
# their own undo/redo. Indentation is just for clarity;
# it doesn't affect operation.
AtomicUndo +
Cut
SaveClip ~/.ne/ne-aspell.txt
System aspell --check ~/.ne/ne-aspell.txt
OpenClip ~/.ne/ne-aspell.txt
System rm -f ~/.ne/ne-aspell.txt ~/.ne/ne-aspell.txt.bak
Paste
AtomicUndo -
By selecting a block of text (which could include the whole file), you can effectively pipe a relevant portion of your current document through an executable, then insert the resulting output back into your document. The aspell macro uses a fixed file name to store the temporary data and cleans up after itself. Note that if you always wanted to operate on the entire document you could have your macro mark the whole document for you. But then you'll end up always at the beginning of your document when the macro completes.
If you literally just want to run python on it, then make a macro that sets a bookmark, selects the whole document and does a Copy rather than a Cut, then SaveClip to, say, /tmp/mypythonpgm.py, then invoke python on that. Or perhaps invoke a script that invokes python on it so you can review the output before being popped back into ne. After the System call to your script, use GotoBookmark to restore your cursor position.
If that doesn't work for you, maybe if you describe what you wish to accomplish at a higher level, some other solution might come to mind.
--
Todd