F Is For Family Analysis

[Martez Fields]

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Background: Drug therapy combined with family therapy is currently the best treatment for adolescent depression. Nevertheless, family therapy requires an exploration of unresolved problems in the family system, which in practice presents certain difficulties. Previous studies have found that the perceptual differences of family function between parents and children reflect the problems in the family system.

Methods: The general information and clinical data of the 93 adolescents with depression were collected. The Family Functioning Assessment Scale and Parent-child Relationship Scale were used to assess adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents.

Results: a) The dimensions of family functioning in adolescents with depressive disorder were more negative in communication, emotional response, emotional involvement, roles, and overall functioning than their parents. The differences were statistically significant. Parent-child relationship dimensions: the closeness and parent-child total scores were more negative compared with the parents and the differences were statistically significant. b) All dimensions of parent-child relationship and family functioning in adolescents with depression except the time spent together were negatively correlated or significantly negatively correlated. c) The results of multivariate regression analysis showed: the characteristics of family functioning, emotional involvement, emotional response, family structure, and income of the adolescents with depressive disorder mainly affected the parent-child relationship.

Conclusions: There were perceptual differences in partial family functioning and parent-child relationship between adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents. Unclear roles between family members, mutual entanglement, too much or too little emotional investment, negligence of inner feelings, parental divorce, and low average monthly family income were the main factors causing adverse parent-child relationship. These perceptual differences have a relatively good predictive effect on family problems, and can be used as an important guide for exploring the family relationship in family therapy.

A great deal of progress has been made since the completion of the Single-Family Zoning Analysis. The 2024 update report describes how four communities have updated zoning regulations, eliminating the need for certain variances on more than 13,000 parcels. In response, builders have responded with new infill development, including more than four dozen new homes using updated zoning in the City of South Euclid.

The Single-Family Zoning Analysis is a project of the Northeast Ohio First Suburbs Consortium in partnership with the Cuyahoga County Land Bank, facilitated by the Cuyahoga County Planning Commission and supported financially by First Federal Lakewood.

Residential infill development is new construction of housing on vacant lots within established neighborhoods, often where homes have been demolished. First Suburbs are often built-out communities with only smaller, scattered vacant lots available, thus infill construction on these lots becomes important to meet housing demand. Infill housing can also bring new investments and opportunities to neighborhoods while diversifying the local housing stock.

This type of development, however, is often difficult, and vacant lots are left unbuilt due to outdated regulations and complicated processes. For example, zoning regulations can often stand in the way of single-family infill construction, as this type of construction occurs in existing neighborhoods on individual lots that can often be smaller and tighter than what zoning requires. Below is an example of this mismatch.

The purpose of this initiative is to assist First Suburb communities in expanding single-family infill development by identifying issues within zoning and outlining best practices for making constructing desired infill housing more practicable. This initiative consists of two phases.

The aim of the first phase was to identify issues within zoning regulations that can make constructing desired infill housing difficult or cost-ineffective. It was an important start to understanding the state of infill housing development in the First Suburbs, including its challenges and opportunities. Here are the key takeaways:

Housing market conditions are improving with an increasing number of home sales and median sale price. Despite this improvement, First Suburbs are not experiencing significant new housing construction.

The Cities of Euclid and South Euclid were selected to participate in a pilot program for zoning updates. The cities shared similar goals of creating opportunities for more housing while preserving the character of the built environment in residential neighborhoods. They chose different zoning methods to help facilitate residential infill, with South Euclid selecting a residential infill overlay and Euclid opting for alterations of existing residential districts. Both updates included similar modifications, including the expansion of permitted principal and accessory uses to include various housing types, the right-sizing of lot area and lot width requirements, the right-sizing of building dimensions such as height and lot coverage, allowing flexibility in front setbacks to preserve neighborhood character, and simplified approval processes for smaller-scale residential infill projects.

In Phase One, the 19 First Suburb communities were engaged through a survey, individual interviews, and presentations to gather the most accurate housing data and to better understand the experiences of these communities with single-family infill.

The project team presented an overview of Phase Two Infill Resources at the meeting of the First Suburbs Consortium on March 3, 2023. The meeting included highlights from the Development Professionals' survey report, the Financial Incentives Options document, the Design Guidelines Guidebook, and the series of educational resources. The project team also provided updates on code rewrites for the cities of Euclid and South Euclid and preliminary work on the Code Update Options document.

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We regularly post information about the Institute, our members, and project participants on our News page. Our Annual Reports and quarterly newsletter, The ALI Reporter, can be found here as well.

Our project website, The ALI Adviser, features posts related to legal topics related to our projects. Speaker and conference presentations, as well as video interviews and features are hosted on our Vimeo page.

Reasonably Speaking, our podcast, features discussions with ALI members and project participants on current U.S. law topics of interest.

This work provides a unique review and analysis of divorce and related family-law issues throughout the United States, and describes approaches to problem areas such as child custody, child and spousal support, marital agreements, and unmarried domestic partners.

Chief Reporter:

Ira Mark Ellman, Arizona State University School of Law

Reporters:

Katharine T. Bartlett, Duke University School of Law

Grace Ganz Blumberg, University of California at Los Angeles School of Law

Tax Planning for Family Wealth Transfers During Life: Analysis With Forms (5th Edition) examines the many techniques for reducing a family's total tax liability and preserving its total wealth over time.

With this treatise, practitioners can better understand complicated IRS rulings and are better able select the right type of transfer for their clients. Subsidiary topics include reversionary trusts, grantor retained annuity trusts, split purchase of a residence, corporate and partnership freezes, gifts to minors, gifts under a durable power of attorney and more. The results are greater wealth preservation and minimum tax liability for current and future generations of your client's family.

Discussions include: saving for a child's education, caring for elderly parents with pre-tax dollars, transferring the growth of a business to children without surrendering control, gift-giving without consequences, and handling highly appreciated stocks and bonds.

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