Librorum

[Narcisa Flierl]

Manynoteworthy authors were put on the Index librorum prohibitorum because their works were seen to cause religious, political and moral controversies. Famous names on the Roman Index include: - Greek and the Roman authors like Ovid and Petronius - religious reformers like Martin Luther, Philipp Melanchthon, and Jean Calvin - humanists like Erasmus of Rotterdam, Hugo Grotius and Nicodemus Frischlin - natural scientists like Nicolaus Copernicus, Paracelsus, and Joannes Kepler - political thinkers like Niccol Machiavelli, Jean Bodin and Montesquieu - philosophers like Ren Descartes, Francis Bacon, Baruch Spinoza, David Hume, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, immanuel Kant, George Berkeley, Auguste Comte and Jean-Paul Sartre - poets and novelists like Giovanni Boccaccio, John Milton, Jean de la Fontaine, Madame de Stal, Daniel Defoe, Stendhal, Gustave Flaubert, Emile Zola, Andr Gide, David Herbert Lawrence - and many others!

The novelist Ferrante Pallavicino experienced fierce revenge and was executed in Avignon because of his anti-papal and anti-Jesuit satires. Two notorious 17th- and 18th-century libertines and pornographers, Donatien Alphonse Franois Marquis de Sade and Nicolas-Edme Restif were in fierce personal disputes, but they appeared together on the Roman Index as well as on other censorship lists of the time.

Interested in book censorship? Read our previous blog post about it. Both posts are part of the Rise of Literacy project, where we take you on an exploration of literacy in Europe thanks to the digital preservation of precious textual works from collections across the continent.

Praemium Librorum Nationale,[1] vulgo National Book Award, est copia praemiorum litterarum in Civitatibus Foederatis quotannis concessorum, anno 1950 institutorum.[2][3] In ultimis Caerimoniis Nationalium Librorum Praemiorum Novembri habitis, Societas fundata librorum nationalium haec praemia et duo arbitria vitae operis auctoribus adiudicat. Nationalia Librorum Praemia a Societate Americana librorum venditorum anno 1936 instituta,[4][5] per secundum bellum mundanum relicta, a tribus societatibus industriae librorum anno 1950 iterum instituta sunt. Auctores et curatores librorum prolatorum praemiis ante bellum digni sunt; nunc autem auctoribus Americanis pro libris in Civitatibus Foederatis per annum praemiorum prolatis conceduntur. Anno 2010, 1115 librorum nominati sunt in quattuor categoriis praemiorum, 435 pro nonfictione. Caerimoniae 2011 Novi Eboraci die 16 Novembris habitae sunt.[6]

Clipeus Egregiae Litteris Americanis Contributionis[7] est arbitrium pro rebus gestis per vitam totam, a societate per ultimas praemiorum librorum caerimonias adiudicatum. Additamentum est $10,000. Clipeus commemorat hominem qui "litterarium heredium Americanum per vitam ministerii vel corpus operum divitiis ornavit."[8][9] Qui hunc clipeum acceperunt sunt:

The Compendium Diez. B. Sant. 66 (Grammatici latini et catalogus librorum) is a miscellany manuscript that likely traces its origins to the esteemed Palace Library of Charlemagne. It is not merely a grammatical manual but also a treasure trove of Carolingian insights, featuring a commentary on Servius' metrics, as well as a collection of poems by court luminaries such as Angilbert, Charlemagne himself, Paulus Diaconus, and Fiducia, among others. This compendium stands as a testament to the era, curated by the diligent students of the Court School. It serves as a window into the pedagogical practices of the time, revealing the rigorous academic culture that shaped the unique literary styles of its scholars.

The passion of Charles I for education shines through in the candid verses of Fiducia's poem, wherein the poet confesses to having been chastised by the Emperor for his errors. Such anecdotes underscore the high standards of learning during that period. The rich array of grammatical texts preserved within this codex not only demonstrates the meticulous scholarship of the time but also reflects the unparalleled drive and ambition that characterized the intellectual spirit of the early Carolingian epoch.

An interleaved copy of Thomas James, Catalogus universalis librorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana (Oxford, 1620) [lacking title, introduction and appendix], used as a catalogue of an unidentified library, c. 1748.

Post Litteras Apostolicas, a verbis incipientes Integrae servandae Motu Proprio datas die VII mensis decembris anno 1965, non paucae pervenerunt ad S. Sedem percontationes de Indicis librorum prohibitorum conditione, quo Ecclesia ad integritatem fidei et morum, iuxta divinum mandatum, tuendam hucusque usa est.

Ut memoratis petitionibus respondeatur, haec S. Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei, facto verbo cum Beatissimo Patre, nuntiat Indicem suum vigorem moralem servare, quatenus Christifidelium conscientiam docet, ut ab illis scriptis, ipso iure naturali exigente, caveant, quae fidem ac bonos mores in discrimen adducere possint; eundem tamen non amplius vim legis ecclesiasticae habere cum adiectis censuris.

Quam ob rem Ecclesia fidelium maturae conscientiae confidit, praesertim auctorum et editorum catholicorum atque eorum qui iuvenibus instituendis operam navant. Firmissimam autem spem collocat in vigili sollicitudine et singulorum Ordinariorum et Conferentiarum Episcopalium, quorum ius et officium est libros noxios tum inspiciendi tum praeveniendi atque, si res tulerit, reprehendendi et improbandi.

S. Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei, ad mentem Litterarum apostolicarum Integrae servandae ac Concilii Vaticani II decretorum, communicare sataget, si opus est, cum orbis catholici Ordinariis ut eorum sedulitatem adiuvet, in diiudicandis operibus editis, in sana contra insidiosam promovenda cultura, collatis etiam viribus cum Institutis et studiorum Universitatibus.

Si autem doctrinae et opiniones quovis modo evulgatae prodierint, quae fidei ac morum principiis adversentur, et eorum auctores ad errores corrigendos humaniter invitati id facere noluerint, S. Sedes iure et officio suo utetur ad talia scripta etiam publice reprobanda, ut animarum bono ea qua par est firmitate consulat.

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