Harrington S And G Niehaus Risk Management And Insurance 2nd Ed 2004 Mcgrawhill
Ashlie Hagenson
Covering the essential aspects of insurance contracts and the insurance industry, this text also provides a conceptual analysis and pays attention to business risk management and public policy issues.
Harrington S And G Niehaus Risk Management And Insurance 2nd Ed 2004 Mcgrawhill
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Risk assessment runs through the safety business chain, which consists of enterprises and governments. During the risk assessment process, especially for quantitative risk assessment, risk measures play an important role in providing information on the size and level of risks [5]. Compared to qualitative risk analysis methods, the quantitative ones have the advantage of being more precise and clearer, providing a basis for objective and rational decision-making regarding risks [6], and with the continuous improvement of data computing capabilities, their disadvantage of enduring heavy calculations will gradually disappear. Due to differences in the roles and functions of safety management, enterprises and governments have different requirements for risk measures. Specifically, enterprises are often concerned about risks that describe concrete hazards in the working area. After evaluating the risk level of each hazard, those at higher levels are prioritized for stronger control. Instead of treating individuals solely as management objects, for supervision convenience, governments care more about risks that measure the overall safety of a group of hazards in the jurisdiction. This regional risk makes it easy for safety supervisors to scientifically determine regulatory direction and reasonably allocate regulatory resources. Based on the analysis, risk can be mainly categorized into two types, micro risk and macro risk, depending on the number of hazards measured. In this respect, if we measure the risk of one hazard, such as a boiler in a plant, micro risk can be utilized to identify, analyze, quantify the risk factors (factors including likelihood and consequences) based on physical and/or chemical changes that may cause an accident, and finally obtain the risk level [7]. The obtained risk can only describe the safety of that boiler itself. In contrast, if we decide to evaluate the risk level of a group of congeneric hazards in a certain area, such as all boilers in China, a micro-risk strategy would no longer be appropriate and would be replaced by macro risk, which is our focus in this study. In brief, here micro risk indicates the risk of a certain hazard. It is helpful for safety managers in enterprises to grasp the risk of each hazard and control it in a targeted manner. Meanwhile, macro risk means the risk of multiple hazards that are congeneric in a certain area. It is more suitable for safety supervisors in governments to master the overall safety level and make reasonable decisions.
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