Endnotes In Coulter The Plagiarist!
Wesley Dupler
Be cautious not to confuse Footnote or Endnote citations with the Endnotes that authors use to explain their works, these are not the same things. These types of endnotes are used to add additional commentary, and not to cite specific text in the paper.
A case in point: Harvard University historian Niall Ferguson and Justice Scalia of the United States Supreme Court have both been criticized for their 'conservative' views. However, neither Ferguson (who may be aided in drafting by his graduate students), nor Scalia (who may receive assistance from law clerks) has been meaningfully criticized for being a plagiarist.
I think the dictionary classifies plagiarism as a literary offense which is the copying of someones work verbatim without credit or attribution as plagiarism. Hence the grammatical importance of such things as quotation marks, footnotes, endnotes and bibliograpy. It is when the idea or literary work begins to take on an economice value that the Law steps in and takes control and as legal history has has shown, a whole body of Intellectual Property Law is developed. Better known as Patent, Trademark, and Copyright. Funny how money complicates the issue.
@Ralph Hickok: Future senator Al Franken has a detailed discussion of the obscenely poor quality of Ann Coulter's research, through an analysis of her endnotes (not footnotes) in his book, Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them.
Laboratory investigations were carried out using fully automated spectrophotometer Beckman coulter AU480 (Beckman coulter Diagnostics, Washington, USA). Blood samples were drawn for measurement of serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (mg/dL), Triglycerides (TG) (mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) (mg/dL), and LDL-C (mg/dL) after a 12-hour overnight fast.
Flow cytometry was done on coulter Epics XL 4-color flow cytometer (coulter, electronics, Hialeah, FL, USA) to determine the expression of CD36 using monoclonal antibodies, cells were considered positive for CD36 when 20% or more of the gated cells were expressing it. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) -conjugated anti-human CD36, R-PE-conjugated antihuman CD14 and FITC-mouse anti-human IgG (isotype control) supplied by BD Pharmingen were used. Gating was done on the monocyte population based on forward and side scatter properties. Samples of whole blood (100 μL) were stained doubly with 10 μL FITC-anti-human CD36 and 10 μL PE-anti-human CD14 (a specific marker for monocytes) for 20 minutes at room temperature and protected from light. The cells were then washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline-EDTA solution. After washing, FACS lysing solution (Becton Dickinson) was added and mixed together. The mixture was left at room temperature for 30 minutes to lyse erythrocytes and then analyzed. The MFI of CD36 on CD14-positive monocytes was measured using CellQuest 1.1 software.