The granitic rocks of the Erepecuru-Trombetas Domain, southeastern Guyana Shield, are part of two extensive volcano-plutonic associations that marked the central portion of the Amazonian Craton during the Orosirian. The older episode (2.0-1.97 Ga) encompasses the Igarapé Paboca volcanic Formation and Caxipacoré Suite and the younger episode (1.90-1.87 Ga) comprises the Água Branca and Mapuera plutonic suites and the pyroclastic/effusive rocks of the Iricoumé Group. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating of granitoids provided ages of 1991 5.9 and 1989 7 Ma for the Caxipacoré Suite, 1887.5 4.8 Ma for the Água Branca Suite and 1881 8.1 Ma for the Mapuera Suite, which reinforce the occurrence of two Orosirian magmatic episodes in the southeastern Guyana Shield. The geochemical characteristics of the Caxipacoré granitoids suggest that they formed in an orogenic tectonic setting, related to a subduction environment, while the geochemical signatures of the Água Branca and Mapuera granitoids betray the evolution from a convergent context to an extensional intracontinental environment. Nd-TDM (2.19-2.22 Ga) and Sr-TUR (1.95-1.96 Ga) model ages and slightly positive ɛNd (+0.26 to +0.66) for the Caxipacoré granitoids point to an origin from melting of mantle-derived magmas with participation of Rhyacian sialic crust. The Água Branca and Mapuera granitoids display Nd-TDM (1.95-2.30 Ga) and Sr-TUR (1.84-2.02 Ga) model ages and positive to negative ɛNd (+2.92 to -1.96) that indicate parental magmas derived from melting of dominantly Rhyacian crustal sources with minor mantle contribution. In addition, the Nd signature and the lack of Archean inherited zircon in the plutonic rocks do not favor the existence of an Archean basement in this part of the southern Guyana Shield. This assumption together with similarities with the adjacent Uatumã-Anauá Orosirian Domain, westward, led to suggest that the Erepecuru-Trombetas Domain should not be longer interpreted as belonging to the Central Amazon Province, as defined in the current geotectonic models of the Amazonian Craton.
Our objectives were to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of a first episode of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in an HIV-infected population and to estimate the overall impact of CMV disease on survival. The study population consisted of the 3525 patients included in the Aquitaine Cohort between 1985 and December 31, 1993. Eligible patients (n = 1868) must have had at least one CD4+ lymphocyte count of
The temporal distribution of the horizontal rapid eye movements and the related monophasic potentials recorded from the ascending MLF following intravenous injection of o.i mg/kg of anticholinesterase has been investigated in precollicular decerebrate animals. In particular the intervals between individual MLF potentials occurring during successive REM episodes have been evaluated over a total period of 2000 sec on each experiment. 2. There was a bimodal distribution of intervals due to the fact that all the rapid eye movements and the related MLF potentials were grouped in bursts which occurred at quite regular intervals. 3. During the cholinergically induced episodes of REM, there were usually bursts of REM in one direction followed by bursts of REM in the opposite direction. The mean number of individual eye movements within each burst was 4.67 +/- 0.84, S.D., while the average interval between the individual eye movements corresponded to 167 +/- 36 msec, S.D. 4. There was a great regularity in the periodic occurrence of the bursts of REM. In particular the mean interval between the beginning of a burst of REM in one direction (i.e., towards the left side) and that of the next train oriented in the opposite direction (i.e., towards the right side) was 1.97 +/- 0.47 sec, S.D., while the mean interval between the beginning of this last train and that of the successive train oriented in the former direction corresponded to 2.97 +/- 0.48 sec, S.D. Moreover, the duration of the whole period corresponding to the interval between two successive bursts of REM oriented in the same direction (i.e., towards left or towards right) corresponded on average to 4.94 +/- 0.55 sec S.D. and 4.99 +/- 0.52 sec, S.D. respectively. 5. In addition to these "simple bursts" of rapid eye movements oriented in one direction, there were "complex bursts" in which an alternation of the individual eye movements within each burst was observed. In these instances the mean number of spikes was greater (5.35 +/- 1.20, S.D.) and the mean interval shorter 119 +/- 44 msec, S.D.) than those observed in the "simple bursts", About 10-15% of the bursts occurring during the cholinergically induced REM episodes were of the complex type. 6. These findings obtained from an individual experiment were confirmed in all the decerebrate animals treated with the same dose of anticholinesterase; only slight quantitative differences were detected from case to case. 7. Since the bursts of REM induced by the anticholinesterase depend upon the activity of the vestibular nuclei, it is postulated that cholinergic reticular neurons activate structures which show waxing and waning in their activity before acting on the vestibulo-oculomotor system. This system probably contains the inhibitory interneurons which transform the regularly modulated input into a rhythmic vestibular output...
The Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) is the largest Cenozoic rifted basin in eastern China, which exhibited a multi-episodic behavior. A 2D multi-episodic finite extension model is employed to estimate the stretching factor and strain rate for each rift episode along six seismic profiles. The modeling is based on a reconstruction of pre-rift crustal and lithospheric thicknesses, and is calibrated with the present-day heat flow and Moho depth. The pre-rift thicknesses of the crust and lithosphere are determined to be 34-39 and 80-105 km. The stretching factors range from 1.28 to 1.97, with a peak in the middle-to-late Eocene during which the average strain rate reached 1.1 10- 15 s- 1. Our analyses show that the centers of stretching migrated generally from south to north and from west to east during the Cenozoic. The results also indicate an inverse relationship between variations of the average strain rate and the relative motion rate between Pacific plate and Eurasian plate. Combining the results of the previous studies with ours, we infer that the changing subduction rate of the Pacific plate accompanied by episodic eastward retreat of the subduction zone plays important roles in the episodic extension of the BBB and eastward migration of the centers of stretching.
Following surgery for hip fracture almost a quarter of patients do not return directly to their usual residence, using the resources within intermediate care and enablement. This was a retrospective cohort study involving 156 Salford residents admitted with hip fracture in 2015. Linked health data were collected on those discharged to intermediate care vs home in terms of readmissions, mortality, lengths of stay, delayed transfers of care, diagnoses of delirium and pre-existing forms of dementia. The median duration of the continuous care episode in the intermediate care cohort, inclusive of readmissions to hospital, was 52 days. There was a 26% (n=20) readmission rate from intermediate care. Readmission rates at 120 days were higher among those discharged to intermediate care vs home (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.37-7.54, p=0.007) and among those with a form of dementia (OR 4.76, 95% CI 1.79-12.63, p=0.0017). Patients with delirium during their acute admission were more likely to be discharged to intermediate care (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.36-12.47, p=0.0001) and were less likely to ultimately be discharged home (OR 6.40, 95% CI 2.25-18.21, p=0.0005), as were those with some form of dementia (OR 6.60, 95% CI 1.97-22.08, p=0.002). Measurement of the entire care episode demonstrates significant lengths of stay. Medium term readmission rates are higher in those discharged to intermediate care. Delirium and dementia are associated with higher readmission rates and lower rates of discharge to own home. It is imperative that a whole pathway approach to commissioning hip fracture services is established.
N2 - Following surgery for hip fracture almost a quarter of patients do not return directly to their usual residence, using the resources within intermediate care and enablement. This was a retrospective cohort study involving 156 Salford residents admitted with hip fracture in 2015. Linked health data were collected on those discharged to intermediate care vs home in terms of readmissions, mortality, lengths of stay, delayed transfers of care, diagnoses of delirium and pre-existing forms of dementia. The median duration of the continuous care episode in the intermediate care cohort, inclusive of readmissions to hospital, was 52 days. There was a 26% (n=20) readmission rate from intermediate care. Readmission rates at 120 days were higher among those discharged to intermediate care vs home (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.37-7.54, p=0.007) and among those with a form of dementia (OR 4.76, 95% CI 1.79-12.63, p=0.0017). Patients with delirium during their acute admission were more likely to be discharged to intermediate care (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.36-12.47, p=0.0001) and were less likely to ultimately be discharged home (OR 6.40, 95% CI 2.25-18.21, p=0.0005), as were those with some form of dementia (OR 6.60, 95% CI 1.97-22.08, p=0.002). Measurement of the entire care episode demonstrates significant lengths of stay. Medium term readmission rates are higher in those discharged to intermediate care. Delirium and dementia are associated with higher readmission rates and lower rates of discharge to own home. It is imperative that a whole pathway approach to commissioning hip fracture services is established.
AB - Following surgery for hip fracture almost a quarter of patients do not return directly to their usual residence, using the resources within intermediate care and enablement. This was a retrospective cohort study involving 156 Salford residents admitted with hip fracture in 2015. Linked health data were collected on those discharged to intermediate care vs home in terms of readmissions, mortality, lengths of stay, delayed transfers of care, diagnoses of delirium and pre-existing forms of dementia. The median duration of the continuous care episode in the intermediate care cohort, inclusive of readmissions to hospital, was 52 days. There was a 26% (n=20) readmission rate from intermediate care. Readmission rates at 120 days were higher among those discharged to intermediate care vs home (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.37-7.54, p=0.007) and among those with a form of dementia (OR 4.76, 95% CI 1.79-12.63, p=0.0017). Patients with delirium during their acute admission were more likely to be discharged to intermediate care (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.36-12.47, p=0.0001) and were less likely to ultimately be discharged home (OR 6.40, 95% CI 2.25-18.21, p=0.0005), as were those with some form of dementia (OR 6.60, 95% CI 1.97-22.08, p=0.002). Measurement of the entire care episode demonstrates significant lengths of stay. Medium term readmission rates are higher in those discharged to intermediate care. Delirium and dementia are associated with higher readmission rates and lower rates of discharge to own home. It is imperative that a whole pathway approach to commissioning hip fracture services is established.