alt.fan.james-bond FAQ - Version 6.01

[Michael Reed]

Archive-name: james-bond/FAQ
Posting-Frequency: 15 Days
Last-modified: 2002/02/07
Version: 6.01
URL: http://www.ianfleming.org/afjbfaq.htm
Copyright: (c) 2002 P. Michael Reed
Maintainer: Michael Reed <ree...@core.com>

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * =
*
ALT.FAN.JAMES-BOND FAQ
Version 6.01

Last Updated February 7, 2002 / Created September 18, 1996

Maintained by Michael Reed

Based on the work by the original creators
Panos Sambrakos, Bryan Krofchok, David C. Morefield,
Deane Barker & James Rumley

Submissions by others credited where noted

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * =
*=20

NOTE - You should use a MONOSPACED typeface setting to read this FAQ, so =
the lists contained in it will line up properly.

UPDATE(S) - Added Brief 1, Section 2 and updated Brief 2, Sections 6, 10 =
J and 11 + very minor grammatical errors throughout.

Brief #1 - THE NEWSGROUP AND ITS FOCUS
1 - This Newsgroup
2 - Other Bond Newsgroups
3 - The FAQ
4 - The Character of James Bond

Brief #2 - THE FILMS
1 - The latest James Bond film
2 - EON & its trademarks
3 - List of EON's James Bond films
4 - List of other James Bond films
5 - The actors who have played James Bond
6 - The actors who could have played James Bond
7 - The actors who have played Felix Leiter
8 - Repeat offenders
9 - Over dubbing
10 - Specific films FAQ
A - Casino Royale - the television episode
B - Casino Royale - the movie
C - Dr. No / Live And Let Die
D - From Russia With Love
E - Goldfinger
F - Thunderball / Never Say Never Again
G - On Her Majesty's Secret Service
H - Diamonds Are Forever
I - For Your Eyes Only
J - Octopussy
K - Licence To Kill
L - Tomorrow Never Dies
11 - List of theme songs & artists
12 - Soundtracks & scores
13 - Bond meets an Oscar
14 - What's in a name?

Brief #3 - THE BOOKS
1 - The latest James Bond novel
2 - Ian Fleming
A - List of Ian Fleming novels
B - Stories to read in order
C - Who wrote The Spy Who Loved Me?
D - The Kennedy myth
E - SMERSH
F - SPECTRE
3 - Post-Fleming periods
A - Kingsley Amis' novel
B - List of the John Gardner novels
1 - Stories to read in order
C - List of the Raymond Benson novels
1 - Stories to read in order
D - Other Glidrose novels featuring Bond
E - Reference books
4 - Fan fiction

Brief #4 - WHEN BOOK AND FILM INTERSECT
1 - Films and books - links or broken links?
2 - Explain the names "M" & "Q"
3 - What other "00" agents are mentioned?
4 - The Walther and other machinations
5 - Bright Leiter

Brief #5 - MORE SOURCES ON JAMES BOND
1 - The websites
2 - The fan clubs

Your mission is to send in any corrections, questions or comments =
directly to the FAQ maintainer at ree...@core.com .
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * =
*

BRIEF #1 - THE NEWSGROUP AND ITS FOCUS

If you are checking out the newsgroup, welcome. This is the official FAQ =
for alt.fan.james-bond.

1 - This Newsgroup
Anything regarding James Bond is a valid topic here, including films and =
books, spoofs, actors, filmmakers and authors, collectibles, music, and =
on and on. The newsgroup has been the place for finding Bond information =
since 1992. As a result, you will find many of the denizens here have =
been acquainted for a while and have knowledge from the effortless to =
the arcane. Do not be put off by this.

Being a non-moderated newsgroup, the only way to fail to ingratiate =
yourself is to troll or further trolling behavior, ask for everyone's =
"favorite" this or that or to fail to check out this FAQ for the simple =
questions contained herein. The FAQ does not aim to answer anything =
except FREQUENTLY asked questions. So if it is in here it has been asked =
before, repeatedly.

2- Other Bond Newsgroups

alt.fan.james-bond is NOT a binaries newsgroup and you should not post =
large binary files. If you want multimedia files look for =
alt.binaries.james-bond which is the place to find them. If your news =
server does not carry it you might suggest to them to start doing so.

3 - The FAQ
David Marsh wrote version 1.0 of the FAQ in November 1994. From there, =
it became the purview of Panos Sambrakos and the others listed at the =
top of the document starting December 18, 1996. They maintained it until =
version 5.0 was released October 13, 2000. Starting with version 2.2, =
the FAQ has carried the status of an "official" Internet FAQ. You are =
reading an original work based upon the previous incarnations.

It is crossposted to the news.answers and alt.answers newsgroups and it =
is being archived at many places around the net. Look for it at:

<ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/james-bond/FAQ>
<ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/alt.fan.james-bond/alt.fan.james-bond_FAQ>=

You can also get it by email by sending a message to:
<mailto:mail-...@rtfm.mit.edu> and writing in the body:
"send usenet/news.answers/james-bond/FAQ"

The FAQ also has it's own place on the Web, as part of "MR. KISS KISS =
BANG BANG!" Visit <http://www.ianfleming.org> and you will also find a =
web-only supplement full of even more 007 information than is presented =
here. It can be found at =
<http://www.ianfleming.org/mkkbb/afjbfaq/what.shtml>

4 - The character of James Bond
James Bond is a fictional British secret agent. He holds the "double-o" =
prefix, which gives him a licence to kill in the course of his duties =
for MI6. He first appeared in novel form in 1953, created by author Ian =
Fleming. More information regarding Fleming and the books can be found =
in Brief #3, Sections #2 and #2A.

Fleming based James Bond on an amalgamation of people he knew while in =
the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, along with some of the exploits =
Fleming wanted to participate in himself. Fleming never got to spend =
much time in the field and unlike his creation's affinity for high =
stakes gambling, Fleming typically played for small change.

The name of his handiwork came to pass by simple observation. His wife =
enjoyed a coffee table book entitled "Field Guide To Birds Of The West =
Indies". Fleming wanted a simple, straightforward name for his =
workmanlike agent. He saw the author of that book was an ornithologist =
named James Bond and borrowed it. His character has no middle name. He =
later told the real James Bond that should a particularly foul species =
of bird be discovered, he would graciously lend his name to it.

He chose the "00" designation after a real life occurrence. During his =
Whitehall tenure he pursued secret documents prefixed with "00". =
(Submitted by Rhino <mailto:rh...@blueyonder.co.uk>)

BRIEF #2 - THE FILMS

While Ian Fleming's creation began as a pulp fiction hero, there can be =
no denying that it has been the big screen that has made James Bond =
among the most recognizable characters in history. The films rank among =
the most profitable and longest running for any series, and have made =
far more adventures for fans than any other in the last half-century.

1 - The latest James Bond film
Scheduled for release in November 2002, the as of yet untitled film =
(call it "Bond 20" as it is EON's twentieth release) will again star =
Pierce Brosnan as James Bond for producers Michael G. Wilson and Barbara =
Broccoli. Filming gets underway January 14, 2002. Lee Tamahori steps in =
as director for the first time in the series. Neal Purvis and Robert =
Wade, who penned "The World Is Not Enough", have written the script. Vic =
Armstrong leads the stunt team. Judi Dench returns as "M". John Cleese =
will assume the mantle of head of "Q Branch" for the late Desmond =
Llewelyn. Samantha Bond again portrays Miss Moneypenny. Actors Halle =
Berry, Rick Yune, Toby Stephens and Rosamund Pike are signed to appear. =
Bond will drive the Aston Martin Vanquish this time around. You should =
NEVER expect to see Sean Connery, Roger Moore, or any previous leading =
man make a return appearance as a villain, family member or assistant to =
007. Check 007News <www.ianfleming.org/007news/> for further updates.

2 - EON and its trademarks
EON Productions, Ltd., is the maker of James Bond films, dating back to =
the first silver screen effort in 1962. EON is supposedly an acronym of =
"everything or nothing". Producers Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli and Harry =
Saltzman formed the company in 1961. Saltzman sold out his shares in =
1975, and passed on in 1994. Broccoli died in 1996 and Barbara Broccoli =
and Michael G. Wilson, daughter and stepson to Cubby, now run EON. While =
Broccoli was American and Saltzman Canadian EON is considered a European =
company since it is a subsidiary of Danjaq, S.A., and EON is a =
British-based outfit. Danjaq is a contraction of DANa Broccoli and =
JAcQueline Saltzman, wives of the founding producers.

As you will read in a bit, EON has not made every Bond film. But they =
have created the trademarks closely associated with Bond and have =
complete control over future Bond films.

Among the trademarks are the distinctive James Bond theme song, to be =
documented in Brief #2, Section #11 A "The James Bond Theme Debate", and =
the gun-barrel image opening every film. Please note it is not a camera =
shutter or gun-sight, but a gun-barrel. Maurice Binder, who designed the =
majority of the title sequences in the movies, also created the opening =
sequence, initially using a real gun-barrel opened to allow a camera to =
peer through, with a gun from a Piccadilly shop.

The sequence has been filmed a few times. The first one was in the first =
film, "Dr. No". However, it is not Sean Connery who turns and fires. =
Working in a hurry, Binder used Connery's stunt double Bob Simmons. =
After that, the actor portraying Bond did his own firing. Here is the =
list of gun barrel sequences.

"Dr. No" - the original, with stuntman Bob Simmons doubling for Connery
"Thunderball" - featuring Connery, shot in scope format like the film
"On Her Majesty's Secret Service" - George Lazenby, dropping to one knee
"Live And Let Die" - Roger Moore, for the first time
"The Spy Who Loved Me" - Moore again, and again re-shot in scope
"The Living Daylights" - Timothy Dalton's turn
"GoldenEye" - Pierce Brosnan's debut, using a computer generated image =
by Daniel Kleinman, who took over following Binder's death

For final proof to naysayers, watch the "GoldenEye" credits as the theme =
song begins. The bullet is shown exiting to gun barrel.

3 - List of EON's James Bond films
Here is the chronological list of EON's James Bond films. Note that the =
release year of "Dr. No" shown below is for England; the film debuted in =
the U.S.A. in 1963.

TITLE YEAR STAR TIME ACRONYM
----- ---- ---- ---- -------
Dr. No 1962 Sean Connery 111 DN
From Russia With Love 1963 Sean Connery 118 FRWL
Goldfinger 1964 Sean Connery 111 GF
Thunderball 1965 Sean Connery 129 TB
You Only Live Twice 1967 Sean Connery 116 YOLT
On Her Majesty's Secret Service 1969 George Lazenby 140 OHMSS
Diamonds Are Forever 1971 Sean Connery 119 DAF
Live And Let Die 1973 Roger Moore 121 LALD
The Man with the Golden Gun 1974 Roger Moore 125 TMWTGG
The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Roger Moore 125 TSWLM
Moonraker 1979 Roger Moore 126 MR
For Your Eyes Only 1981 Roger Moore 127 FYEO
Octopussy 1983 Roger Moore 130 OP
A View to a Kill 1985 Roger Moore 131 AVTAK
The Living Daylights 1987 Timothy Dalton 130 TLD
Licence to Kill 1989 Timothy Dalton 135 LTK
GoldenEye 1995 Pierce Brosnan 130 GE
Tomorrow Never Dies 1997 Pierce Brosnan 119 TND
The World Is Not Enough 1999 Pierce Brosnan 128 TWINE

As mentioned earlier, the twentieth EON Bond release is due in late 2002 =
and will star Pierce Brosnan. Posters in the newsgroup use the acronyms =
in the above list VERY FREQUENTLY. You should become familiar with them =
quickly.

4 - List of other James Bond films
Some of the films featuring James Bond were made apart from EON. For an =
answer why, go to Brief #1, Section #10 and select the appropriate film. =
Here are the films in order of release date.

TITLE YEAR STAR TIME ACRONYM
----- ---- ---- ---- -------
Casino Royale 1954 Barry Nelson 60 CRTV
Casino Royale 1967 David Niven 130 CR
Never Say Never Again 1983 Sean Connery 137 NSNA

5 - The actors who have played James Bond
A few talented men have gotten to portray James Bond. We start with the =
EON five, and then the others as well. Note that Roger Moore is older =
than Sean Connery.

A - Sean Connery, born August 25, 1930. Played Bond from 1962-1967, =
1971, 1983.

A Scot with minimal credits to his name in 1962, he was handpicked by =
Broccoli and Saltzman to star in the first Bond motion picture. There is =
less dialogue for Connery than in future turns, and his name was not =
marketed particularly heavily in the release of either of the first two =
films. But Connery proved to be the perfect person to assimilate =
Fleming's cold warrior on screen. He was tough yet suave, strong yet =
smooth, and able to appeal to both ticket buying genders.

By the time of his fifth outing, "You Only Live Twice", the marketing =
machine said he "IS James Bond". While true in the public's mind, =
Connery tired of the constant pressure of the role and the potential to =
suffocate any other projects he wanted to be involved in. He left after =
1967 and declined to appear in the sixth release. After a lackluster box =
office performance, EON prodded and finally got their star back for the =
seventh outing, "Diamonds Are Forever". Then Connery left once more, =
stating he would "never again" portray the superspy that he had made a =
phenomenon. But he did come back for a reprise, in 1983's "Never Say =
Never Again". For the story on that film, see Brief #1, Section #10, E =
"Thunderball / Never Say Never Again".

Regarding Bond films, Connery has said in interviews that he is proudest =
of "From Russia With Love". However, he made a severe and nasty break =
from the Broccoli clan and any thought of him returning to the EON =
series in any capacity is a pipe dream. Connery won an Academy Award for =
his supporting role in 1987's "The Untouchables". He is still an A-list =
box office draw to date and is also staunch in his support of his native =
Scotland. While he did not look like Ian Fleming's written character on =
the surface, he was impressive enough to earn the ultimate praise. =
Fleming himself had his character assume some of Connery's roots in "You =
Only Live Twice".

B - George Lazenby, born September 5, 1939. Played Bond in 1969.

The only Bond star to make a solitary film appearance, George Lazenby =
won the role after a worldwide search. He was actually an Australian =
wrestler, car salesman and model who excelled in physical presence and =
impressed the producers. But he was not prepared for the glimmer of fame =
and fortune that came with the part.

He was cast in "On Her Majesty's Secret Service", one of Fleming's most =
detailed and harrowing novels. It required more characterization than =
the typical Bond fare and Lazenby faced an uphill battle to achieve it. =
Director Peter Hunt ignored him at one point, though it was an unwitting =
mistake. During filming of some emotional scenes, Hunt wanted his star =
to relate to the isolation Bond would be feeling so he left him alone. =
Lazenby did not take this as direction or method of acting, but rather a =
lack of respect by the director. He complained publicly and friction =
grew between the men, which was duly noted by the press.

He also had trouble with female lead Diana Rigg. The most famous example =
of tension between them, however, is actually a myth. Before a kissing =
scene, Rigg was heard telling Lazenby at lunch that she was having =
"garlic with [her] pate." She meant it to be humorous but it was easily =
taken out-of-context given Lazenby's tenuous relationship with Hunt and =
EON. While in later years he did complain about Rigg's ego, the Bond =
actor never validated this story.

What did him in, in the end, was as much box-office failure as his own =
immaturity. The fans were being exposed to a new leading actor who had =
burned bridges with Broccoli and Saltzman before the film was in =
release. It would have been a hard sell following Connery in the best of =
circumstances. With EON trying its best to hide his face in the nominal =
promotion they did for the film, not to mention the script's deviation =
from the usual Bond formula, Lazenby was ill fated. Critics and fans at =
the time were quick to place the blame squarely on the actor and EON was =
quick to publicly agree with that assessment. They seemed to disregard =
the film for years afterward.

His own career was spotty at best after his big break. Lazenby appeared =
in "The Kentucky Fried Movie" and spoofed the Bond image in, among other =
things, the TV movie "Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E." and the recent =
CD-ROM game, "Spy Hunt". In time, many Bond fans would come to regard =
"On Her Majesty's Secret Service" as a high point in the series.

C - Roger Moore, born October 14, 1927. Played Bond from 1973-1985.

Already an established personality via television's "The Saint" and "The =
Persuaders", Roger Moore stepped into the role at a time when the series =
was facing a crisis. Connery had left for a second time, after a =
successful commercial entry. EON knew that they had to avoid the =
difficult sequence of events when Lazenby was hired. So for the first =
time they did not look at unknown actors and hired Moore, who had been =
approached for the role earlier in his career. Evidence suggests that he =
was an initial consideration for the first Bond film. It is endlessly =
speculative to suggest what would have happened had he landed the role.

Be that as it may, he instead saw Sean Connery become a household figure =
and wanted no part of replacing him in 1969. But after 1971 he was =
willing to give it a go.

It is odd that so many things in his debut, 1973's "Live And Let Die," =
stood in stark contrast to the previous entries in the series. It =
featured a new composer for the first time in ten years and the first =
rock 'n' roll theme song. Combined with focusing on Moore as an =
attractive leading man, EON seemed to market Bond as a youthful icon. =
While kids from ten years before had loved Connery, it cannot be said =
that the films were aimed at that teenaged audience. Yet it was clear =
that demographic was of utmost importance by the 1970's.

Moore came into his own with his third entry, "The Spy Who Loved Me". He =
would start squawking about retirement as early as 1979. He meant it =
firmly in 1983 but still cam back for a final swan song in 1985. By then =
no one could hide from three obvious conclusions. One, that Moore had =
aged so much as to be unbelievable in the role. Two, that his =
lighthearted approach had made Bond accessible to a large audience but =
had made him closer to a comic book hero than a serious role. And three, =
that despite both of the previous points, Moore cast a large shadow that =
EON would have a tough time trying to fill.

D - Timothy Dalton, born March 21, 1946. Played Bond on screen in =
1987-1989, and stayed with the role publicly until 1994.

Timothy Dalton earned the role of Bond only after Pierce Brosnan was =
prevented from taking the reins from Moore due to a contract conflict =
with the NBC television show "Remington Steele". It was Dalton's second =
time approaching the role. He wanted no part of it in 1971, saying in a =
1987 interview on "Good Morning America" (and elsewhere) that he turned =
it down
because he was "too young" for it and because of the imposing legacy of =
Connery.

His first outing was "The Living Daylights". The script, originally =
written with Moore's character in mind and tweaked slightly for what =
would have been Brosnan's approach, was adjusted noticeably for Dalton. =
The film was a bit more serious in tone and viewers could not help but =
compare Dalton's physicality and attempt to restructure the character in =
comparison to Moore, 19 years his senior. The next film, "Licence To =
Kill," was written for Dalton's strengths as an actor.

He had indeed read the Fleming novels, and wanted to use them as a =
backdrop for his interpretation of Bond. The film enjoyed huge =
popularity across the world - except in the USA. The MGM/UA advertising =
campaign, easily the weakest for a Bond film, was a result of the studio =
wrestling with huge legal and financial troubles and helped doom the =
film in the midst of a very competitive box office season.

Nonetheless, plans proceeded for Bond 17 with Timothy Dalton still =
signed on for that film and at least one more. But a series of events =
cropped up that estranged EON from its studio, the most notable being =
the selling of television rights of the EON series.

When at last these issues were resolved and work resumed on Bond 17 =
(eventually known as "GoldenEye"), Dalton surprised many by announcing =
he would NOT return as Bond. The public, he said, had associated him =
with the role for eight years, and that was long enough for him. He was =
eager to move on to new challenges. He left the 007 family in the spring =
of 1994.

Cubby Broccoli and his daughter Barbara stated many times that they were =
disappointed to lose Dalton. The official account endorsed by Dalton, =
EON, and MGM/UA, is that Dalton left the series of his own accord. =
Dalton remains a friend of the Broccoli family and spoke kindly of Cubby =
when he died. There is credible evidence to suggest that by 1994 the =
powers that be inside MGM/UA made it clear that they would not support a =
new Bond film starring Dalton but as of yet the smoking gun has yet to =
uncovered for ballistic testing.

E - Pierce Brosnan, born May 16, 1953. Began in 1995, and is the =
current star of the franchise.

In the end, it was a great thing that Pierce Brosnan had to wait to =
secure the role of the world's most famous secret agent. By the time he =
was introduced, Brosnan looked the part and was truly hungry to succeed. =
By replacing Dalton instead of Moore, he was able to avoid either =
following Moore's lighthearted lead or be compared in reaction to it.

Dalton pleased hardcore Fleming fans with his darker, more realistic =
portrayal of Bond. But the fans of Moore's approach were never as =
smitten with him. Brosnan has proven to surprise both camps. He has =
played Bond straight but with verve. And Brosnan has that X factor. He =
has embodied the same charisma that Connery had once brought into the =
role. He has made Bond "cool" to the masses once again. He has been able =
to handle the publicity and the expectations with panache. Best of all, =
he has won over the majority of critics and fans alike.

Brosnan will play Bond a forth time in 2002. The future beyond that is =
still yet to be decided. As of now, EON is NOT SEEKING A NEW BOND. Any =
speculation at that time is not only premature, but also wholly false.

F - Barry Nelson, born April 16, 1920. Played Bond in 1954.

American born Nelson was the first actor to portray James Bond. In was =
not, however, a theatrical release. Instead in was on episodic =
television. See Brief #2, Section #10, A "Casino Royale - the =
television episode"

G - David Niven, born March 1, 1910. Played Bond in 1967.

A film star from features like "The Guns Of Navarone", "Bonjour =
Tristesse" and "The Pink Panther", David Niven was cast in the Bond =
spoof "Casino Royale". For details about it, go to Brief #2, Section =
#10, B "Casino Royale - the movie". The Scot actor, who usually =
answered to English when abroad, died in 1983 of ALS (Lou Gherig's =
Disease).

6 - The actors who could have played James Bond
Besides the men listed above many others have tried out for the role of =
007. Here are some of the notable ones.

A - John Gavin - The American Gavin actually signed a contract with =
EON to be the new James Bond in 1970, after the George Lazenby =
implosion. However it was no secret that EON coveted Sean Connery. When =
they lured him back with a promise to produce and star in two films and =
a hefty one million-plus salary that was mostly used to co-find the =
Scottish Education Trust, Gavin politely stepped aside. The actor, who =
can be seen in "Psycho" and "Spartacus", went on to be a U.S. Ambassador =
to Mexico during the Reagan administration.

B - James Brolin - It is well documented that Brolin, best known now =
as Barbra Streisand's other half, screen tested opposite Maud Adams =
before Moore agreed to return to "Octopussy".

What is lesser know is Brolin's claim that he was actually, like Gavin, =
signed to a contract. He told Bond enthusiast Richard Ashton in 1998 =
that he was hired by Cubby Broccoli and had searched from a home in =
London at the time. He also commented about his American accent by =
suggesting that Broccoli did not intend to hide it and hoped audiences =
would see Brolin's physical presence and ignore the issue. Eventually =
Moore returned and Brolin was left aside. (Submitted by Richard Ashton =
<mailto:ash...@home.com>)

C - Julian Glover - Glover auditioned for the role after the franchise =
needed a replacement for Connery, according to a Starlog Magazine =
interview in 1981. But he was not surprised when Roger Moore snagged the =
lead in "Live And Let Die" because "we all knew Roger would get it." =
Glover did make a mark with the series, playing villain Ari Kristatos in =
"For Your Eyes Only".

D - Sam Neill - Screen tested in 1986 after negotiations collapsed =
with Pierce Brosnan, Neill was a strong contender, even getting a public =
mention of contention by "The Living Daylights" casting director. The =
role would end up going to Timothy Dalton. Neill is now best identified =
for his star turn in "Jurassic Park".

E - Lewis Collins - Having screen tested in the early eighties, =
Collins was a favorite of the British press. He starred in the =
television series, "The Professionals". (Submitted by Mac =
<ma...@virgin.net>)

F - David Warbeck - According to interviews the late actor gave for =
"David Warbeck: The Man and His Movies", he was under contract to EON =
throughout the late seventies and early eighties, prepared to assume the =
role of 007 should Roger Moore have packed his bags. (Submitted by Mac =
<ma...@virgin.net>)

G - Michael Billington - Billington screen tested for the starring =
role in "Live And Let Die". While he was passed over then he did portray =
Sergei Barsov, the Russian agent and lover of "Triple X", Major Anya =
Amasova, who was killed by Bond's ski pole before 007 made his parachute =
leap in the teaser of "The Spy Who Loved Me". He is best known for his =
role on the cult favorite TV show "UFO".

H - Patrick McGoohan - McGoohan's credits include two television spies =
- "The Prisoner" and "Danger Man" (a.k.a. "Secret Agent Man"). He could =
have made a mark in the genre earier but he did not want the lead role =
in "Dr. No" due to "moral reasons." Whether or not he would have =
actually been given the role if desired is in question.

I - Stewart Granger - Never a real shot with EON, it is noted here =
because Granger was one of a few preferences by Ian Fleming himself. =
Granger's real name was James Stewart, not to be confused with the =
American actor famous for "It's A Wonderful Life" and "The Philadelphia =
Story". When Fleming listed "James Stewart" on his list, he meant =
Granger, who starred in "King Solomon's Mines" and director Terence =
Young's "Woman Hater".

7 - The actors who have played Felix Leiter
Many of the films have featured CIA Agent Felix Leiter, Bond's American =
counterpart. While the character remained the same the role was always =
being recast. It was not supposed to be that way.

A - Jack Lord in "Dr. No" - The handsome actor, later to star in =
"Hawaii Five-O", created the role of Leiter in the first Bond movie. He =
was supposed to return in "Goldfinger". But Lord did not want a similar =
deal. He asked for a huge salary in line with Connery's and a percentage =
of the profits. EON turned down his counteroffer.

B - Cec Linder in "Goldfinger" - The aged actor was supposed to play =
Mr. Simmons, the bamboozled car player. But EON asked actor Austin =
Willis and Linder to switch roles. Linder got more screen time but was =
as far from both Lord's portrayal and Fleming's vision as possible. This =
ensured that whoever played Leiter would never again try to make demands =
for salary and rights.

C - Rik Van Nutter in "Thunderball" - By now, EON played =
"spot-the-Felix" with fans. Van Nutter looked liked Fleming's =
description even if the screenplay did not do his character justice.

D - Norman Burton in "Diamonds Are Forever" - Burton played Leiter as =
a curmudgeon, making the agent seem less than excited to work with his =
old friend once more.

E - David Hedison in "Live And Let Die" and "Licence To Kill" - The =
only actor to play Felix twice, though not consecutively, Hedison went =
sixteen years between his appearances. While his Leiter and Bond are =
contemporaries in his first shot, Hedison is given much more screen time =
in "Licence To Kill" as the main crux of the plot, and an older man than =
Bond, given Hedison's age difference with Dalton.

F - John Terry in "The Living Daylights" - After Hedison's role in =
1973, Leiter went dormant in EON films until 1986, when Terry showed up. =
He did not have a large role, but longtime fans felt comfort in once =
again hearing from Bond's opposite number.

G - Bernie Casey in "Never Say Never Again" - At least this time it =
was truly hard for viewers to "spot-the-Felix" with Casey cast as =
Leiter. The black actor and former pro football player portrayed the =
CIA man as a friend of Bond's and Casey and Connery expressed it well.

8 - Repeat offenders
Too extensive to list every example here, is it easy to spot actors =
playing different roles in different films. Maud Adams is the most =
notable ("Octopussy" and "The Man With The Golden Gun"), alongside =
Charles Gray ("You Only Live Twice" and "Diamonds Are Forever") and Joe =
Don Baker ("The Living Daylights," "GoldenEye" and "Tomorrow Never =
Dies"). Take a look at Matthew Newton's James Bond Actors page from the =
Bond Film Informant at =
<http://www.mjnewton.demon.co.uk/bond/jbactors.htm > for a complete =
rundown.

9 - Over dubbing
Also prevalent in Bond films if you watch carefully is the number of =
actors whose voices were dubbed by someone else, particularly in the =
early ones. This is not a complete list below, just a note about some =
notables. It is singularly odd that one of the most famous Bond movie =
lines of them all, Goldfinger's retort to wanting Bond to talk by =
muttering, "No, Mr. Bond, I expect you to die!" was not the actor's own =
voice.

Actor Role Film Looped by
----- ---- ---- ---------
Ursula Andress Honey Rider Dr. No Monica vander =
Syl
Daniela Bianchi Tatiana Romanova From Russia With Love Barbara Jeffoed
Gert Frobe Goldfinger Goldfinger Michael Collins
Claudine Auger Domino Derval Thunderball Monica vander =
Syl
Adolpho Celi Emilio Largo Thunderball Robert Rietti
Tetsuro Tamba Tiger Tanaka You Only Live Twice Robert Rietti
Gabriele Ferzetti Marc-Ange Draco OHMSS David deKeyser

(The Auger and Ferzetti looped listings submitted by John Doherty =
<john.e....@btinternet.com>

Eric Pohlman looped Ernst Stavro Blofeld's voice in "From Russia With =
Love" though the cat petting hands belonged to Anthony Dawson. While one =
source claims that Pohlman's widow confirmed he was also Blofeld's voice =
in "Thunderball", no less than the film's director, Terence Young, (from =
"The Bond Files") said it was Joseph Wiseman providing the voice. =
(Submitted by David A. McIntee <mailto:david....@btopenworld.com>) =
Wiseman played "Dr. No" and that version of Blofeld sounds precisely =
like him. John Hollis was the wheelchair bound Blofeld in "For Your Eyes =
Only" and supplied his voice in the film, though a different voice =
appeared in one of the early trailers. Hollis played Lobot, aide to =
Lando Calrissian, in "The Empire Strikes Back".

And lastly, George Baker, the actor playing the real Sir Hilary Bray in =
"On Her Majesty's Secret Service", is dubbed whenever Bond imitates him. =
This example is quite disconcerting and unnecessary and detracts from =
the viewing experience.

10 - Specific films FAQ
Certain questions seem to crop up often regarding things in specific =
films. This section is a "FAQ in the FAQ" for these oft-repeated =
queries. PLEASE read them carefully - you will see them appear in the =
newsgroup and will be able to direct the poster to the FAQ or provide =
the answer.

A - Casino Royale - the television episode
This was the first time Bond appeared in the visual media. Not a feature =
film, this adaptation was a television production, an hour-long episode =
of the CBS "Climax! Mystery Theatre" anthology series. It aired live on =
October 21, 1954, the television rights selling for $1,000. Barry Nelson =
played Bond as an American agent, nicknamed "Card Sense Jimmy Bond". =
Peter Lorre plays the villain Le Chiffre and was inadvertently seen =
walking across the stage after his character is killed. The joys of live =
TV.

B - Casino Royale - the movie
Fleming's first novel, "Casino Royale" was offered for film rights for =
$6000 and sold in 1956 to Gregory Ratoff. Later the rights were sold to =
producer Charles K. Feldman for $75,000. In 1964, seeing the amazing =
success of EON, Feldman approached Cubby Broccoli and Sean Connery about =
making "Casino Royale" jointly. However, Connery asked for a cool =
million-dollar salary and there was a dispute over production credits. =
No agreement came to pass.

So Feldman, armed with the legal right to the actual James Bond =
character and situations of "Casino Royale", made a spoof of the Bond =
genre. The 1967 film is a disaster, despite the combined talents of =
David Niven, Peter Sellers, Woody Allen, Ursula Andress, Orson Welles, =
Deborah Kerr, William Holden and John Huston.

MGM obtained the rights to "Casino Royale" at the turn of the century.

C - Dr. No / Live And Let Die
Both of these films get fans asking, "Where's Q?" Q is in "Dr. No". =
Desmond Llewelyn just does not play him. Actor Peter Burton played Major =
Boothroyd, head of Q Branch. Llewelyn took over the role in 1963's "From =
Russia With Love", his character's actual name mentioned in "The Spy Who =
Loved Me". He would act in every Bond film through 1999's "The World Is =
Not Enough" except for "Live And Let Die". No one from Q Branch appears =
in that film. For more on Q go to Brief #4, Section #2.

D - From Russia With Love
There are two questions regarding this film. The first is about the =
introduction of Blofeld's cat. Never used in the books, the cat took =
attention as a focal point to the unseen Blofeld. But the CAT'S NAME IS =
NEVER MENTIONED AT ANY POINT. Not even a hint of it. Which is good, as =
any name would be a distraction. Mike Meyers' spoof character Austin =
Powers proved this point by having the villain, Dr. Evil, name his cat =
"Mr. Bigglesworth".

The other question is if Ian Fleming actually has a cameo appearance in =
the movie. Bryan Krofchok submitted the following for issue #3c of the =
Ian Fleming Foundation's "Shaken, Not Stirred" newsletter in March 1995 =
(reprinted by permission of the author):

"The curious notion of Fleming's cameo is mentioned in Roger Ryan and =
Martin Sterling's book of Bond trivia, 'Keeping The British End Up', =
under the heading 'Brief Encounter'. The scene in question pops up when =
the Orient Express must stop for a truck that has stalled across the =
tracks (originally, part of Grant's escape route). Watch for an oddly =
placed gentleman wearing a white top and dark pants, who seems to be =
holding some sort of walking stick."

"His mode of dress is suspiciously identical to that of Ian Fleming's in =
the well known photos of his visit to the set of the film during =
shooting of the Orient Express. I say that the man is oddly placed, =
because he seems to have no part in the plot, and cannot simply be =
brushed off as someone merely out for a casual stroll due to the =
apparent desolation of the surrounding area. I also find it quite odd =
that although the train is passing fairly close to him, the man has his =
back to it and is looking the other way."

E - Goldfinger
When the bomb is ticking away and Bond is feverously trying to disarm it =
we are privy to the seconds left. When the bomb is finally defused we =
see "007" seconds left on it. However, Bond says that "Three more ticks =
and Mr. Goldfinger would've hit the jackpot." The reason for this =
inconsistency is that the clock is supposed to end on "003" but in =
editing some unknown person thought showing "007" would be a neat idea. =
Connery was unavailable to loop his line and it stayed that way.

F - Thunderball / Never Say Never Again
This is the most rancorous debate of anything regarding James Bond. The =
questions are aplenty here. Why is "Never Say Never Again" a retelling =
of "Thunderball", and why did a different production team make it? Why =
do fans often snub it as an "unofficial" film? Who is Kevin McClory and =
what role did he play in shaping James Bond? And why are there so many =
continuity errors in "Thunderball"? Let's begin with Kevin McClory.

Kevin McClory is a film producer who first made plans with Ian Fleming =
to produce the first ever Bond feature film back in 1958. He wrote a =
script with Fleming and screenwriter Jack Whittingham originally called =
"Longitude 78 West" in 1959. When the project fell through Fleming used =
the story as the basis for his 1961 Bond novel "Thunderball", without =
crediting either McClory or Whittingham.

McClory unsuccessfully attempted then to block Jonathan Cape's =
publication of "Thunderball". He brought suit against Fleming in 1963 =
and the outcome was that all future publications of the novel would =
state that "it is based on a screen treatment by Kevin McClory, Jack =
Whittingham, and Ian Fleming." Furthermore McClory acquired all movie =
rights to the story and its various treatments, referred to as "the film =
scripts".

His 1965 collaboration with EON, co-producing "Thunderball", was an =
appeasement of sorts to prevent a competitor of EON facing off against =
them during the apex of Bondmania worldwide. In exchange McClory =
abandoned all claims for another 10 years after the initial release of =
the film. When in January 1976 the rights reverted back to him he wrote =
an original script along with Len Deighton and Sean Connery himself, =
called "Warhead 8". When legal battle was started again by EON he was =
finally forced to produce only a direct remake of "Thunderball". The =
result was 1983's "Never Say Never Again". The film was not EON's, and =
could not use the trademark gun-barrel opening or theme music, not even =
the name "Q" who was never in the novel or the original film scripts, =
making many fans consider it "unofficial".

McClory seemed to be the owner of SPECTRE and Blofeld, introduced in =
"Thunderball", and EON has never used them by name since 1971's =
"Diamonds Are Forever". The villain in "The Spy Who Loved Me" was =
originally SPECTRE, changed when it appeared legal trouble might have =
ensued. The character in the opening credits of "For Your Eyes Only" is =
Blofeld unnamed. Stay in this Section and go to I "For Your Eyes Only".

McClory attempted to make his own Bond output for years after that. In =
late 1997 he aligned with Sony to attempt to produce an original film =
series featuring James Bond. MGM responded with legal action to prevent =
this. In March 1999, the Sony/McClory camp was soundly thumped in court =
and Sony gave up any claim to owning James Bond. McClory, publicly =
claiming "abandonment," began peddling the rights he had, real or =
imagined, to any interested party.

In the end MGM proved to hold a surprising edge, namely due to an =
oversight on McClory's behalf. The copyright to "Thunderball" was =
claimed by MGM when McClory had not renewed it properly and in effect =
they retain at least the legal position to withstand any charge he may =
bring.

"Thunderball" features more visible continuity errors than usual. From =
the ever-changing color scuba masks in the end battle to Leiter changing =
from shorts to pants during a helicopter ride, the film seems sloppy. =
The problems stemmed from a meltdown in postproduction. Terence Young =
had directed the first two films, and then sat out the third before =
returning to direct "Thunderball". The rigorous schedule took its toll, =
as well as artistic differences with EON. Young walked out during =
editing leaving editor Peter Hunt having to make the most of what was =
already shot without the possibility of reshooting.

G - On Her Majesty's Secret Service
Two prevalent questions arise often. The first is explaining why Blofeld =
does not recognize Bond when they meet at Piz Gloria. The previous film, =
"You Only Live Twice", had the two antagonists come face-to-face for the =
first time. This flew in the face of the Fleming novels where the Piz =
Gloria meeting was the first meeting. EON both scrapped the entire novel =
and storyline of "You Only Live Twice" and filmed it out of sequence.

Director Peter Hunt and writer Richard Maibaum had to deal with this =
issue. They decided to stay true to Fleming and film the Piz Gloria =
scene as it had been, simply ignoring the gaffe. In truth they need not =
have done so, since Bond did not glean anything with Blofeld/de =
Bleuchamp at that time and could have merely held off their face-to-face =
meeting until later with a bit of tweaking. But they did not go this =
route.

The other question regards Bond's marriage. He marries Tracy di Vicenzo =
in the movie. It is the only time he ever married on screen. There is a =
wedding scene in "You Only Live Twice", but it is explained in the film =
that the ceremony was a hoax.

H - Diamonds Are Forever
Two of the three common questions regarding this film arise from =
editing, one from questionable writing.

First, when Blofeld calls for Burt Saxby we see Bond mimicking his voice =
to fool Blofeld. However, after Bond shows up, so does Saxby. How did =
the real Saxby know where and when to show up? Perhaps someone can find =
out that answer, as the FAQ has not located a credible one.

Another frequent inquiry is how Plenty O'toole ended up at Tiffany =
Case's California home. After being thrown in the Tropicana hotel pool =
in Las Vegas, Plenty sneaks back into the room and goes through =
Tiffany's purse, finding her address, as Bond and she keep occupied. =
This scene was edited out of the movie before it was released making it =
confusing. This does not explain WHY Plenty would want to get that far =
involved.

Lastly, when Bond's car goes in the alley on the right set of wheels it =
comes out on the left set. This is a flat out mistake. The filmmakers =
attempted to correct this error by interspersing a close-up of Bond and =
Tiffany as the car tilts from one side to the other. However, this =
should still be impossible considering the width of the alley.=20

I - For Your Eyes Only
More frequent questions arise from this film than any other. Here are =
the facts.

First, fans clamor to know if that was actually Blofeld in the opening =
sequence of "For Your Eyes Only". Yes it is. The character is never =
mentioned by name since in 1981 EON was legally barred from using =
Blofeld. See this Section's E "Thunderball"/"Never Say Never Again" for =
details. But on the Special Edition DVD of the film, both producer =
Michael G. Wilson and director John Glen mention that it is Blofeld in a =
direct reference to "On Her Majesty's Secret Service".

Another question involves the Blofeld plea promising Bond a =
"delicatessen in stainless steel" in exchange for his life. It seems =
Cubby Broccoli is responsible for the line being used in the film. Both =
Michael G. Wilson and John Glen confirm this. It seems completely out of =
character and not terribly clever.=20

Also recurrent is asking if the "Bond girl" was once a man. The answer =
is NO! One of the bikini-clad women hanging out at Gonzales' pool is a
British actress named Tula, a.k.a. Caroline Cossey, who later grabbed =
headlines by revealing she had started life as a man. Although the world =
press played up the Bond angle ("Even 007 can't tell the difference!"),
Tula's role in the film was nearly non-existent. But the actual "Bond =
girl" of the film is Carole Bouquet.

J - Octopussy
An interesting question concerns Robert Brown appearing as "M" in the =
film. The original "M" was Bernard Lee, who died after appearing in =
1979's "Moonraker". EON did not use "M" in "For Your Eyes Only" out of =
respect for Lee. But then they knew they needed the character to return.

What sets fans' minds off is that Brown had already made an appearance =
in "The Spy Who Loved Me" as Admiral Hargreaves. It is never stated =
whether Brown is playing Lee's character, Sir Miles Messervy, or is =
playing Hargreaves as a new "M". But the inference is that he played =
Messervy. EON had recast actors in different roles very early on and =
when Dame Judi Dench took over the role, Bond mentions her "predecessor" =
in a singular fashion. In "The World Is Not Enough" there is a picture =
of her predecessor, which is a portrait of Lee. It is visible for a =
split moment after the holographic image of Renard is turned off.

The other common question pertains to the Faberge eggs. Namely which one =
was destroyed on camera? It was the real one. 009 is found with the =
fake. Bond then switches it at the auction and keeps the real one. Later =
he shows off the real one during the backgammon game. We also see Q put =
the transmitter in the real egg. The real egg is then stolen by Magda =
and given back to Kamal Khan. When Orlov arrives he claims that the =
"fake" has caused enough trouble and smashes the egg. But it is the real =
one that is smashed, as the Q Branch transmitter is in it.=20

K - Licence To Kill
This is not easy for everyone to discover but it is true that bullets =
are used as music in the movie. During the tanker chase in the film's =
climax, listen closely for a machine gun fired at Bond. The ricocheting =
bullets do indeed play out the introductory notes of the "James Bond =
Theme" before the soundtrack kicks in.

L - Tomorrow Never Dies
There is a large misconception regarding Bond's failure to read the =
Chinese keyboard when intending to send a message. The movie "You Only =
Live Twice" had claimed (departing entirely from Fleming's character) =
that Bond had taken a first in Oriental languages at Cambridge. However, =
that does not mean he is fluent in written Chinese. It is never =
specified whether it was Chinese in the first place, and whether it was =
merely the spoken dialect he had mastered as opposed to the written =
language.

11 - List of theme songs & artists
Here is a list of the films' theme songs, as well as vocal recordings =
used within the film or end credits or appearing on the soundtrack =
albums.

TITLE PERFORMER FILM(if different)
----- --------- ------------------
James Bond Theme Monty Norman Dr. No
Underneath The Mango Tree Diana Coupland Dr. No
Jump Up Byron Lee/Dragonaires Dr. No
From Russia With Love (instru) John Barry
From Russia With Love (vocal) Matt Munro
Goldfinger Shirley Bassey
Thunderball Tom Jones
You Only Live Twice Nancy Sinatra
On Her Majesty's Secret Service John Barry
All The Time In The World Louis Armstrong OHMSS
Do You Know How Christmas Trees Nina OHMSS
Are Grown?
Diamonds Are Forever Shirley Bassey
Live And Let Die Paul McCartney/Wings
Fillet Of Soul/Live And Let Die BJ Arnau Live And Let Die
The Man With The Golden Gun Lulu
Nobody Does It Better Carly Simon The Spy Who Loved =
Me
Moonraker Shirley Bassey
For Your Eyes Only Sheena Easton
Make It Last All Night Rage For Your Eyes Only
All Time High Rita Coolidge Octopussy
A View To A Kill Duran Duran
The Living Daylights a-ha
Where Has Everybody Gone? Pretenders The Living =
Daylights
If There Was A Man Pretenders The Living =
Daylights
Licence To Kill Gladys Knight
If You Asked Me To Patti Labelle Licence To Kill
Dirty Love Tim Feehan Licence To Kill
Wedding Party Ivory Licence To Kill
GoldenEye Tina Turner
The Experience Of Love Eric Serra GoldenEye
Tomorrow Never Dies Sheryl Crow
Surrender k.d. lang Tomorrow Never =
Dies
The World Is Not Enough Garbage
Only Myself To Blame Scott Walker The World Is Not
Enough
Casino Royale Herb Alpert
The Look Of Love Dusty Springfield Casino Royale
Never Say Never Again Lani Hall
Chanson D'Amour Sophie Della Never Say Never
Again
("Jump Up" and "Fillet Of Soul" performers submitted by Mac =
<ma...@virgin.net>)

Also of note is the song "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang", which was recorded =
by both Dionne Warwick and Shirley Bassey. It was to be the title song =
of EON's fourth release until the title was changed back to =
"Thunderball".

Only once has a Bond theme hit #1 on the American Billboard Music Hot =
100 chart. It was Duran Duran's "A View To A Kill".

A - The James Bond Theme debate
Every Bond film credits Monty Norman as the composer for the "James Bond =
Theme". But most people feel John Barry actually wrote it. What is the =
truth? This one was still raging some thirty-nine years after the =
questions began.

Monty Norman originally wrote a theme. However the producers were =
dissatisfied with the piece and John Barry was hired to "arrange" it. =
The resulting work bore little resemblance to the Norman's. This =
reworked theme was featured in "Dr. No" and has appeared in every =
official Bond film since. Due to contractual obligations, Monty Norman =
always receives credit whenever the song is used in a Bond film.

Norman's original theme can be heard on the "Dr. No" soundtrack, but it =
is not track number 17, titled "The James Bond Theme" on the label. =
Norman himself said that the actual recording intended as the theme is =
"Dr. No's Fantasy", Track 11. John Barry based some inspiration for what =
became known as the Bond theme off the plucked guitar sound from one of =
his own compositions, "Bea's Knees". (Submitted by Geoff Leonard)

In March 2001, Norman won a libel suit against London's Sunday Times. =
They claimed Barry had penned the theme alone and also made comments =
about Norman's talent. Due in part to Barry stating he based the guitar =
riff partly on a Norman composition called "Bad Sign, Good Sign," they =
sided with Norman. Note that the court did not state that Norman wrote =
the theme solely, as he maintains, just that he contributed to it.

12 - Soundtracks & scores
Only ten men have scored a James Bond film. Here are the credits for =
each. Note the only composers with multiple credits are John Barry and =
David Arnold.

COMPOSER FILM
--------------- ----
Monty Norman Dr. No
John Barry From Russia With Love
John Barry Goldfinger
John Barry Thunderball
John Barry You Only Live Twice
John Barry On Her Majesty's Secret Service
John Barry Diamonds Are Forever
John Barry The Man With The Golden Gun
John Barry Moonraker
John Barry Octopussy
John Barry A View To A Kill
John Barry The Living Daylights
George Martin Live And Let Die
Marvin Hamlisch The Spy Who Loved Me
Bill Conti For Your Eyes Only
Michael Kamen Licence To Kill
Eric Serra GoldenEye
David Arnold Tomorrow Never Dies
David Arnold The World Is Not Enough
Burt Bacharach Casino Royale
Michael Legrand Never Say Never Again

13 - Bond meets an Oscar
While the films have been wildly successful with audiences the world =
over, critics have always been hesitant to warm up to them. =
Consequently, the Bond films tend to get passed over in favor of more =
"critically acceptable" selections. All told, Bond films have been =
nominated ten times in the American Academy Awards, five times in =
technical categories and five times in musical categories. Only two =
nominations came up winners:

Film Year Category
---- ---- --------
Goldfinger 1964 Best Sound Effects - Norman Wanstall
Thunderball 1965 Best Visual Effects - John Stears

However, both wins were somewhat tainted by the fact that there was only =
one other nominee. The other eight nominations were:

Film Year Category Lost to
----- ---- -------- -------
Casino Royale 1967 Best Original Song "Talk To The Animals"
Diamonds Are Forever 1971 Best Sound "Fiddler on the Roof"
Live and Let Die 1973 Best Original Song "The Way We Were"
The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Best Art Direction "Star Wars"
The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Best Original Score "Star Wars"
The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Best Original Song "You Light Up My Life"
Moonraker 1979 Best Visual Effects "Star Trek"
For Your Eyes Only 1981 Best Original Song "Arthur's Theme (The Best
That You Can Do)"

In an ironic twist, the "Casino Royale" song nominated, "The Look Of =
Love", lost to "Talk To The Animals" from "Doctor Dolittle", a Leslie =
Bricusse composition. Bricusse co-wrote another movie theme that year, =
"You Only Live Twice" with John Barry.

The British Academy Awards also nominated "From Russia With Love" for =
Best Color Cinematography.

In 1982, Cubby Broccoli was awarded the coveted Irving G. Thalberg =
Memorial Award for his filmmaking career. Homage was paid to both the =
Bond films and to the many successful films that Broccoli made prior to =
Dr. No. The reigning Bond at the time, Roger Moore, presented the award. =
Likewise, in 1989 Timothy Dalton presented Broccoli with a lifetime =
achievement award from the British Academy of Film and Theatre Arts.

14 - What's in a name?
The Bond films almost always work the film's title into the script =
somehow.

"Dr. No" is the villain's name.
Bond writes "From Russia With Love" on Tatiana's picture.
"Goldfinger" is the villain's name.
M calls the mission "Operation 'Thunderball'"
Bond mentions he's on his second life. Blofeld says, "You Only Live =
Twice."
The "On" in OHMSS is never used though the rest appears a few times.
"Diamonds Are Forever" is surprisingly absent in the script.
The singer in the Fillet of Soul sings the words "Live And Let Die" in =
front of Bond.
"The Man With The Golden Gun" is used by and about Scaramanga.
While Stromberg mentions the word love, "The Spy Who Loved Me" is =
unused.
"Moonraker" is the name of the Space Shuttles built by Drax.
Melina purrs, "'For Your Eyes Only', darling" to Bond.
"Octopussy" is the name of the female smuggler.
Zorin and May Day combine to say, "What 'A View To A Kill.'"
Bond remarks "whoever she was it must have scared 'The Living Daylights' =
out of her."
M says, "Effective immediately, your 'Licence To Kill' is revoked."
"GoldenEye" is the name of the space-based weapons system.
"Tomorrow Never Dies" is not spoken in the film.
When told he could have had the world Bond replies, "The World Is Not =
Enough."
"Casino Royale" is the casino.
Though Bond says, "Never again," and Domino replies, "Never?" the title =
"Never Say Never Again" is not specifically used.

Brief #3 - THE BOOKS

1 - The latest James Bond novel
Author Raymond Benson's next Bond novel is to be titled "The Man With =
The Red Tattoo," due out Summer 2002.

2 - Ian Fleming
Ian Lancaster Fleming created James Bond. He was born May 28, 1908, (a =
date he gave to Ernst Stavro Blofeld as well) in London. Quitting his =
schooling at the prestigious Eaton, he held a job as a reporter with =
Reuters. Fleming eventually joined the R.N.V.R. and later worked in =
Naval Intelligence field, earning the rank of Commander.

On his two month sabbatical from a newspaper job in January 1952 Fleming =
was feeling pressure due to his impending marriage. To relieve some =
stress he began writing a short novel. Fleming held a meticulous =
schedule and spent two periods a day writing. Before leaving in March he =
had completed what would be the first Bond book, "Casino Royale". It =
opened Fleming's eyes to a muse inside him.

While not the rogue secret agent, Fleming did have a hand in helping the =
Ultra Network score a coup over Germany in World War II by decoding the =
Enigma, a machine similar to the fictitious Spektor decoder Fleming used =
as a plot piece in "From Russia With Love". Fleming often dropped names =
of his friends and acquaintances into characters in his book. (There was =
a Jamaican boater named Red Grant, a friend named John Fox-Strangways, =
etc.)

It should be noted that as a reporter Fleming wrote on a multitude of =
subjects. He is also the author of the children's work "Chitty Chitty =
Bang Bang".

Ian Fleming wrote fourteen complete books about Bond, and only stopped =
when he died on August 12, 1964. He left behind wife, Anne, and son =
Caspar, who tragically committed suicide in 1975. Anne died in 1981.

A - List of Ian Fleming novels
This is a complete list of Ian Fleming's Bond novels.

Title fn. Year
----- --- ----
Casino Royale 1953
Live And Let Die 1954
Moonraker 1955
Diamonds Are Forever 1956
From Russia, With Love 1957
Doctor No 1958
Goldfinger 1959
For Your Eyes Only 1960
Thunderball (A) 1961
The Spy Who Loved Me 1962
On Her Majesty's Secret Service 1963
You Only Live Twice 1964
007 In New York (short story) (B) 1964
The Man With The Golden Gun 1965
Octopussy 1966

(A) Based on a treatment by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham & Ian =
Fleming
(See Brief #2, Section #10, F "Thunderball"/"Never Say Never Again")
(B) This story appears in American Editions of Fleming's book "Thrilling
Cities"

B - Stories to read in order
The books follow a chronological sequence, and later books occasionally =
refer to other earlier books, but you can read most of them in any order =
you like. However, it is highly recommended that you at least read "From =
Russia, With Love" before "Doctor No" and please be aware that =
"Thunderball", "On Her Majesty's Secret Service", "You Only Live Twice", =
and "The Man with The Golden Gun" form a 'quadrilogy' that should be =
read in order.

It is worth mentioning that Fleming last worked on "The Man With The =
Golden Gun". "Octopussy" was released posthumously as well, but "Gun", =
which picks up directly from "You Only Live Twice", is the true swan =
song of Fleming's character.

C - Who wrote The Spy Who Loved Me?
Ian Fleming did. The story is the most left-field Bond adventure, with =
the first two-thirds about the tough life of Vivienne Michel and Bond =
not appearing until the final chapters. Fleming wrote in the forward =
that he had "found the manuscript" sitting on his desk at the Goldeneye =
retreat he owned in Jamaica. It was only a joke. The novel was the worst =
received of Fleming's canon and he was so disenchanted with it that he =
only allowed the title rights sold, specifically preventing the =
storyline to be used.

D - The Kennedy myth
One of the things that helped Fleming's books get noticed in the United=20
States was a plug by President John F. Kennedy. But the episode may not =
be=20
factual. Leading longtime Bond memorabilia collector and fan Alan =
Stephenson (<mailto:klau...@aol.com>) disputes this claim with the =
following revelation:

"This is one of those bits of urban legend. While Kennedy is known to =
have=20
read Fleming, this whole business of him admiring Bond and relishing =
'From=20
Russia With Love' may owe more to his image-makers than JFK himself."

"Kennedy's press secretary, Pierre Sallinger, was asked for a list of =
the=20
President's preferred reading. That list was essentially a work of =
fiction=20
itself: The secretary invented the whole thing, selecting titles that =
would make Kennedy appear well rounded yet in-touch with the popular =
culture. If JFK had generated the list himself, it's unknown if 'From =
Russia With Love' would have ultimately appeared."

E - SMERSH
SMERSH is a conjunction of two Russian words: "Smiert Spionam" ("Death =
to
Spies"). They were the Soviet Secret Service's murder organization that =
Bond faces in most of the early novels. SMERSH was a real organization =
for a time but they had been swept into the KGB by the time Fleming =
featured them in "From Russia, With Love". While no Bond film featured =
them as a main villain (the "Russia" movie used SPECTRE instead) "The =
Living Daylights" used the idea of a reformed SMERSH as a red herring =
proliferated by Georgi Koskov.

F - SPECTRE
Fleming had a real affection for this word. He created a "Spectreville" =
in "Diamonds Are Forever", made the decoding machine in "From Russia, =
With Love" a Spektor, and finally, beginning with "Thunderball", created =
the SPecial Executive for Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Revenge, and =
Extortion, SPECTRE. The leader of SPECTRE was Ernst Stavro Blofeld, =
Fleming's most famous villainous creation.

SPECTRE is normally spelled as one word. The original British Cape =
edition of Fleming's "Thunderball" made it S.P.E.C.T.R.E. (though the =
dots were dropped in Fleming's later books), and that spelling continues =
to crop up in various books about the Bond series. The spelling =
S.P.E.C.T.R.E. also appeared in the trailer for the film "From Russia =
With Love". It seems odd since the "P" does not stand for a word.

3 - Post-Fleming periods
A - Kingsley Amis' novel
Well-known British author Kingsley Amis, who apparently had a hand in =
completing "The Man With The Golden Gun" after Fleming's death, was =
offered a chance to continue the series after Fleming's death. He was =
originally credited under the pseudonym Robert Markham, as part of a =
plan to have multiple authors use that alias over time, but the =
immediate response was lackluster and he produced only one book.

Title fn. Year
----- --- ----
Colonel Sun (A) 1968

(A) Original printings listed the pseudonym Robert Markham

B - List of the John Gardner novels
It was not until 1981 that the Bond series was revived once again. Anne =
Fleming, following Amis' novel, had wanted the books to cease. Upon her =
death the publishing company, Glidrose, hired British author John =
Gardner who published a new novel almost every year until the spring of =
1996. He retired after equaling Fleming's total of fourteen original =
novels, Gardner feeling the novelizations of the movies did not count. =
Gardner was already an established writer, best known for the series of =
"Boysie Oakes" novels, such as "The Liquidator".

When assuming the mantle, Gardner's only direction was that he was not =
to make any mention of the offspring of Bond alluded to in "You Only =
Live Twice" and that Bond would be set in present time.

Title fn. Year
----- --- ----
Licence Renewed 1981
For Special Services 1982
Icebreaker 1983
Role Of Honour 1984
Nobody Lives Forever 1986
No Deals, Mr. Bond 1987
Scorpius 1988
Win, Lose Or Die 1989
Brokenclaw 1990
Licence To Kill (A) 1990
The Man From Barbarossa 1991
Death Is Forever 1992
Never Send Flowers 1993
SeaFire 1994
GoldenEye (A) 1995
Cold (B) 1996

(A) A novelization of the film
(B) U.S.A. copies titled "Cold Fall"

1 - Stories to read in order
To fully appreciate Gardner's works, read his last three original books
in order, "Never Send Flowers", "Seafire" and "Cold", as a story arc =
links them. He also had his own SPECTRE trilogy with "For Special
Services", "Role Of Honour" and "Nobody Lives Forever".

Gardner had to write the "GoldenEye" novelization prior to writing Sir =
Miles out of the M position, shown in "Cold", so reading them in reverse =
order of release is actually preferable.

C - List of the Raymond Benson novels
American Raymond Benson assumed the mantle of Ian Fleming with his first =
James Bond book in 1997 and has released a new novel annually, as well =
as short stories and novelizations of the Bond films released during his =
run. He has borrowed Fleming's tradition of using names of friends and =
acquaintances into his novels. Some of those names are frequent posters =
to the newsgroup. Benson authored the fantastic "James Bond Bedside =
Companion" reference book before being given the helm of Bond author. He =
is a Texan who currently resides near Chicago.

Glidrose told Benson that he could pick and choose what came before him =
in Gardner's works in forming continuity. He also agreed upon taking the =
job to keep Bond in the present day and use the new M, Barbara Mawdsley, =
as the films were using at the time.

Title fn. Year
----- --- ----
Blast From The Past (short story) (A) 1997
Zero Minus Ten 1997
Tomorrow Never Dies (B) 1997
The Facts Of Death 1998
Midsummer Night's Doom (short story) (C) 1999
High Time To Kill 1999
The World Is Not Enough (B) 1999
Live At Five (short story) (D) 1999
Doubleshot 2000
Never Dream Of Dying 2001
The Man With The Red Tattoo 2002

(A) Published in the January 1997 issue of "Playboy" magazine
(B) A novelization of the film=20
(C) Published in the January 1999 issue of "Playboy" magazine
(D) Published in a November 1999 issue of "TV Guide" magazine

1 - Stories to read in order
Benson used a criminal organization called the Union that spread through =
three of his novels. You should read "High Time To Kill", "Doubleshot" =
and "Never Dream Of Dying" in order.

D - Other Glidrose novels featuring Bond
Glidrose, the publishing company with rights to James Bond material, =
have allowed a few books that were not strictly a part of the "James =
Bond novels" canon proper to be issued.

Title Author fn. Year
----- ------ --- ----
The Adventures of James Bond Junior-003 1/2 R.D. Mascott (A) 1967
James Bond-The Authorized Biography of 007 John Pearson 1973
James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me Christopher Wood (B) 1977
James Bond And Moonraker Christopher Wood (B) 1979

(A) Released under the pseudonym R.D. Mascott
(B) A novelization of the film

"The Adventures of James Bond Junior-003 1/2 " is a children's book =
featuring a title character who is the son of Bond's brother David, (not =
a creation of Fleming) who intercedes against a heist of gold bullion. =
It was licensed by Glidrose. The author's true identity was kept secret =
for 34 years until Bond historian Nick Kincaid, who had been comparing =
different authors' writing styles, suspected that British literary =
author Arthur Calder-Marshall (1908-1992) might be Mascott. =
Calder-Marshall and Mascott had similar writing styles, shared the same =
pet phrases and so on. His executors confirmed that Calder-Marshall was =
indeed Mascott after Kincaid's deduction.

"Harry Saltzman had intended to make a series of James Bond Junior TV =
films in the late 1960's. The project got shelved until the early 1990's =
when EON produced the animated James Bond Junior cartoon series." =
(Submitted by Nick Kincaid)=20

Pearson's book is a work of fiction portraying the life of a "real" =
James Bond in correlation to Fleming's adventures.

Wood co-wrote the screenplay for "The Spy Who Loved Me" with Richard =
Maibaum and got full credit for "Moonraker", and then novelized those =
scripts.

E - Reference books
There are also many reference books about James Bond on screen and in =
print. While many are good, I recommend two in particular. Steven Jay =
Rubin's "The Complete James Bond Movie Encyclopedia", updated in 1995, =
provides a wealth of information of the celluloid Bond up to =
"GoldenEye". The current Bond novel author, Raymond Benson, wrote the =
splendid "The James Bond Bedside Companion" in 1983 (revised in 1987) =
that gives a wonderful overview of Fleming's canon, as well as =
everything else Bond to date. It has just been returned to print. Go to =
PublishingOnline.com for details.

4 - Fan fiction
Bond is a copyrighted product and Glidrose, the company who owns Bond's =
literary rights, does look out to protect their product. Using Bond in a =
published story (and using the internet as a forum IS publishing it) =
breaks the copyright law unless Glidrose grants the right to do so. =
Perhaps no action would be taken, but it could be. And Glidrose is =
rightly concerned that if a fan would use their property with the =
capability to produce a professional looking presentation, the line =
would blur. Others may see the fan fiction, and because of it be less =
inclined to view their legitimate property.

There is merit to the idea that fans do the series no harm in showing =
their enjoyment of the character and that it should not be misconstrued =
for the real product. But the fact is it can be. If you feel creative =
create your own original character.

BRIEF #4 - WHEN BOOK AND FILM INTERSECT

1 - Films and books - links or broken links?
The newsgroup often notes that Sean Connery's films did not, for the =
most part, stray far from Fleming's novels in term of storyline. While =
continuity was altered and some stories forgone the general consensus is =
that until Moore took over the film series was a successful adaptation =
of Ian Fleming's character.

His titles lasted a bit longer. Every film from "Dr. No" through "The =
Living Daylights" was a Fleming title. (EON shortened "'From' A View To =
A Kill".) By then they had run out of usable ones. But some of the =
screenplays, notably "You Only Live Twice", "Moonraker" and "A View To A =
Kill", bore little resemblance to the original Fleming story.

EON has never used a Bond novel written by anyone other that Fleming, =
either by title or plot. There is no reason in their viewpoint to do so. =
They would have to pay for use of the material and title, and choose =
instead to hire script makers to create original stories. This is why no =
Gardner or Benson novel has been made into film, and why they doubtfully =
ever will be.

2 - Explain the names "M" & "Q"
When Mansfield Cumming was head of the real SIS he would sign documents =
he finished reading with a single letter "C". His replacement continued =
using "C" as a *title* though it had no bearing on his name. Fleming =
could have, one easily surmises, borrowed this fact for his creation. =
Fleming did name the character Admiral Sir Miles Messervy (though the =
name did not appear until "Golden Gun") but in keeping with the real C, =
it holds that any replacement would continue using M. It cannot be =
conclusively stated that Fleming didn't just borrow the title from the =
way he actually addressed his mother or that it is a coincidence that =
the female M is named Barbara Mawdsley.

Q Branch is the Quartermaster Branch, the supplier of weapons and =
protective devices for the Double-O section. The head of the Branch, =
from the novel "Doctor No", is Major Boothroyd, dubbed the "Armourer." =
(A real man, Geoffrey Boothroyd, was a weapons expert who convinced =
Fleming that Bond should use a Walther instead of a Beretta, but the =
fictional character is never called "Geoffrey".) The first EON Bond film =
of the same name also uses the Major's real surname. Peter Burton played =
him, succeeded afterward by Desmond Llewelyn, who was also called =
Boothroyd in "The Spy Who Loved Me". Nicknamed the "Armourer" at first, =
the James Bond of the movies began using the Branch's first letter as a =
shorter moniker for Boothroyd. That is Q. Llewelyn died tragically in =
December 1999.

3 - What other "00" agents are mentioned?
In the James Bond films, a number of 00 agents have been depicted over =
the years:

002 - Bill Fairbanks, assassinated in Beirut by Francisco Scaramanga in =
1969 ("The Man With The Golden Gun"); replaced by another agent who is =
quickly captured during a training mission at Gibraltar ("The Living =
Daylights")

003 - Found dead in the Siberian ice ("A View To A Kill")

004 - Assassinated during a training mission at Gibraltar ("The Living =
Daylights")

006 - Alec Trevelyan, listed dead by MI6 at the hands of Soviet Colonel =
Ourumov during a mission with 007 to blow-up a Soviet nerve gas =
factory...at least for a while ("GoldenEye")

008 - Bond's replacement, should he be unable to complete his mission
("Goldfinger" and "The Living Daylights")

009 - Assassinated in West Berlin by a circus knife-thrower after =
stealing a Faberge egg ("Octopussy"); a new 009 was named as the man who =
put the bullet in Renard's head ("The World Is Not Enough")

0012 - Technically unnamed in the film, the novelization of "The World =
Is Not Enough" has Bond avenging his death in the opening scene. On =
screen he is simply referred to as an MI6 agent

In addition, the movie "Thunderball" has Moneypenny state the "every =
Double-O man in Europe" is in the conference room, and Bond arrives as =
the ninth agent to be briefed. Whether this means that the agents are =
001 through 009 or not is never stated, as it COULD be 002 through 0010, =
for instance. And perhaps we should consider that some Double-0's were =
not in Europe and missed the meeting. Sharp eyes also could not miss the =
moment in "The World Is Not Enough" when Moneypenny distributes =
assignment folders to other agents, one of which is a woman.

For the novels according to Ian Fleming, James Bond was originally the =
senior member of only three agents in the Section. At the time of the =
"Moonraker" mission, 008 (known only as 'Bill') had just escaped from =
East Berlin, while 0011 had vanished in Singapore just two months =
before. Although 008 surfaced again in "Goldfinger" (listed as Bond's =
replacement, should he have failed), 0011 was never heard from again. =
009 was briefly mentioned in "Thunderball". In "On Her Majesty's Secret =
Service," Bond was even odds to "get" Mary Goodnight first with an =
ex-Royal Marine Commando who was 006, making Fleming's total of 00 =
agents -- including 007 -- five.

Kingsley Amis' "Colonel Sun" noted that the head of station G in Athens =
had served as "005" before "an eye defect had begun to impair his =
ability with firearms." (Submitted by Donal Rogers =
<mailto:rog...@clubi.ie>)

In "Zero Minus Ten" Raymond Benson includes a scene with the =
"Single-O's" who are working toward a "00" classification.

4 - The Walther and other machinations
In the Fleming novels, Bond started out with a .25 Beretta. In "Doctor =
No"
he was ordered to begin carrying a Walther PPK 7.65mm as his standard =
issue firearm, though he used other guns here and there during the =
series. Gardner introduced Bond to a variety of weapons, including a =
Browning 9mm, the Ruger Super Blackhawk .44 Magnum (which Bond carried =
in violation of regulations), and the ASP 9mm. Raymond Benson's tenure =
saw Bond reclaim the PPK, and also begin using the Walther P99, =
concurrent with the films Benson novelized.

As the first Bond film was "Dr. No", we see Bond ordered to give up the
Beretta for the PPK without ever seeing the former in action. Bond did
handle other equipment from time to time but the PPK has been the film's
mainstay, though "Tomorrow Never Dies" and "The World Is Not Enough" =
featured the P99 in their ad campaigns and in the films as well.

Bond has gone through a few cars as well. The novels initially had him =
using his personal Bentley and in "Goldfinger" Q Branch issued him a =
souped-up work vehicle, the Aston Martin DB5. The films recreated this =
scene. Since then Bond has used other Aston Martin's, Lotus' and BMW's.

5 - Bright Leiter
The novels and the films never had the chance to follow a continuous =
pattern. Bond meets Leiter for the first time in the initial showing of =
each, but in different stories. In the novels, Leiter's second =
appearance, in "Live And Let Die", has him brutally maimed by a shark. =
He returns on occasion after that. The films used him often, but did not =
feature the shark attack until "Licence To Kill", some sixteen films =
into the series. When the movie came out, Bond author John Gardner =
decided to try to fit the scene into Fleming's continuity when writing =
the novelization, and explained that Felix was fed to a shark again. =
Perhaps the two mediums should remain split.

BRIEF #5 - MORE SOURCES ON JAMES BOND

1 - The websites
There are many interesting, exciting and grand websites dedicated to =
James Bond. Here are some of them that the FAQ feels merit special =
attention.

http://www.ianfleming.org - Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang! The Web Magazine of =

The Ian Fleming Foundation
Since 1996 "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang!" has been the premiere on-line
resource for James Bond information. With its combination of timely news =
reports, in-depth articles and cutting-edge design, MKKBB has earned a =
daily readership in the thousands, a host of awards and positive press =
coverage in media outlets across the world. It is the website that keeps =
this FAQ online.

http://www.Raymondbenson.com - Raymond Benson . com
The official website of Bond author Raymond Benson.

http://www.jamesbond.com - The Official James Bond Website
Look here for some on-the-scene reporting of the new film as it is in =
production.

http://www.hmss.com - Her Majesty's Secret Servant
A webzine run by alt-fan-james-bond's most illustrious contributors. The =
FAQ maintainer writes for HMSS.

http://www.bondian.com/ - Bondian . Com
The definitive work on the printed Bond.

http://www.klast.net/bond/index.html - James Bond Agent 007, OHMSS
Kim Last's acclaimed site that serves as the largest search engine of =
James Bond material.

http://www.mjnewton.demon.co.uk/bond/index.htm - The Bond Film Informant
Matt Newton's site includes the "James Bond Secret Service FAQ" at =
http://www.mjnewton.demon.co.uk/bond/jbssfaq.htm and is a fine effort.

http://www.artofjamesbond.com - Art of James Bond
Red Grant's beautiful tribute to the classic look of Bond.

http://www.commanders.com/ - Commanders Club
A unique site dedicated to the Bond lifestyle.

http://www.007.com - 007.com
The official website by EON Productions. Nice but very demanding on =
plug-ins and Internet connection speed.

http://go.to/raymondbenson - The Raymond Benson Parlour
A great source on Benson with a humorous bent.

http://www.007archive.com - The 007 Archive
Jason M. Allentoff's large site with links to Spyguise on top of his own =
material.

http://bondsounds.members.easyspace.com - The Definitive James Bond =
Sounds
Page
Excellent clips from all the Bond movies.

http://www.nuvs.com/jbond/ - Nuv's OO7 Shrine
Download megabytes of trailers, rare videos and sound clips. =
Professionally designed.

http://publishingOnline.com - Featuring Raymond Benson's "The James Bond =
Bedside Companion" as a "print-on-demand" book and his non-Bond serial =
novel, "Evil Hours".

2 - The fan clubs
There are several fan clubs devoted to Bond. Before joining any of them, =
however, you might want to ask around the newsgroup for opinions, since =
some clubs have better reputations than others. Below are some of =
biggest fan clubs and organizations.

The Ian Fleming Foundation (<www.ianfleming.org>)
PO Box 6897
Santa Barbara, CA 93160

Club James Bond 007 (<www.jamesbond007.net>)
42 rue Rouelle
75015 Paris
FRANCE
ICQ : 25374205
PHONE (GMT+1H) : 00 33 6 12 60 51 88
FAX (GMT+1H) : 00 33 1 45 75 64 75
E-mail - clubja...@online.fr

The James Bond 007 Fan Club (<www.thejamesbondfanclub.com>)
PO Box 007
Addlestone Weybridge Surrey
KT15 1DY ENGLAND
E-mail - jb...@globalnet.co.uk
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * =
*

Hopefully this FAQ has answered your general questions about James Bond. =
If not please send an E-mail to Michael Reed at ree...@core.com . Any =
errors or corrections should be sent there as well, and please include =
the specific Brief and Section. Please remember, a FAQ covers FREQUENTLY =
asked questions and is not meant to show off arcane or trivial =
knowledge, however original it may be. Keep this is mind if you have a =
submission request.

Remember, alt.fan.james-bond welcomes you to join in the thrill of James =
Bond. This is your FAQ and you are entitled to voice your opinion about =
it. Thank you.

- Michael Reed

_________________________________________________
M R . K I S S K I S S B A N G B A N G !
The premier James Bond website
_________________________________________________
http://www.ianfleming.org