Hamlet

[art]

----------------------------------------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoptolemus

<<Neoptolemus (Greek: Νεοπτόλεμος, Neoptolemos, "new war"),
also called *PYRRHUS* (Πύρρος, Purrhos, "red", for his red hair:
(http://tinyurl.com/clqbu5o), was the son of the warrior
Achilles and the princess Deidamia in Greek mythology,
and also the mythical progenitor of the ruling dynasty
of the Molossians of ancient Epirus.

Achilles' mother foretold many years before Achilles' birth that there
would be a great war. She saw that her only son was to die if he
fought in the war. She sought a place for him to avoid fighting in
the Trojan War, due to a prophecy of his death in the conflict. She
disguised him as a woman in the court of Lycomedes, the King of
Scyros. During that time, he had an affair with the princess,
Deidamea, who then gave birth to Neoptolemus. Neoptolemus was
originally called *PYRRHUS*, because the female version of that name,
Pyrrha, had been taken by his father while disguised as a woman.

The Greeks captured the Trojan seer, Helenus, and forced him to tell
them under what conditions could they take Troy. Helenus revealed to
them that they could defeat Troy if they could acquire the poisonous
arrows of Heracles (then in Philoctetes' possession); steal the
Palladium (which led to the building of the famous wooden
horse of Troy); and put Achilles' son in the war.
Neoptolemus killed six men on the field of battle.

In response to the prophecy, the Greeks took steps to retrieve the
arrows of Heracles and bring Neoptolemus to Troy. Odysseus was sent to
retrieve Neoptolemus, then a mere teenager, from Scyros. The two then
went to Lemnos to retrieve Philoctetes. Years earlier, on the way to
Troy, Philoctetes was bitten by a snake on Chryse Island. Agamemnon
had advised that he be left behind because the wound was festering
and smelled bad. This retrieval is the plot of Philoctetes, a play
by Sophocles. Euripides, in his play Hekabe (also known as Hecuba),
has a moving scene which shows Neoptolemus as a compassionate
young man who kills Polyxena, Hekabe's daughter
with ambivalent feelings and in the least painful way.>>
......................................
Neoptolemus was held by some to be cruel and savage.

During and after the war, he killed Priam, Eurypylus, Polyxena,
Polites and Astyanax, among others, enslaved Helenus,
and forced Andromache to become his concubine.

The ghost of Achilles appeared to the survivors of the war, demanding
Polyxena, the Trojan princess, be sacrificed before anybody could
leave. Neoptolemus did so. With Andromache, Helenus and Phoenix,
Neoptolemus sailed to the Epirot Islands and then became the King of
Epirus. With the enslaved Andromache, Neoptolemus was the father of
Molossus and through him, according to the myth, an ancestor of
Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. According to Hyginus, his
son with Andromache was Amphialos: CXXIII. NEOPTOLEMUS Neoptolemus,
son of Achilles and Deidamia, begat Amphialus by captive Andromache,
daughter of Ēëtion. But after he heard that Hermione his betrothed had
been given to Orestes in marriage, he went to Lacedaemon and demanded
her from Menelaus. Menelaus did not wish to go back on his word, and
took Hermione from Orestes and gave her to Neoptolemus. Orestes,
thus insulted, slew Neoptolemus as he was sacrificing to Delphi,
and recovered Hermione. The bones of Neoptolemus were scattered
through the land of Ambracia, which is in the district of Epirus.

Although Neoptolemus is often depicted thus, the play Philoctetes by
Sophocles shows him being a much kinder man, who honours his promises
and shows remorse when he is made to trick Philoctetes. Two accounts
deal with Neoptolemus' death. He was either killed after he attempted
to take Hermione from Orestes as her father Menelaus promised,
or after he denounced Apollo, the murderer of his father.
In the first case, he was killed by Orestes. In the second,
revenge was taken by the Delphic priests of Apollo.>>
----------------------------------------------------------
. Hamlet, Act 2, Scene 2 (1603 Quarto)

HAMLET: If it liue in thy memory beginne at this line,
. Let me see.
.
. The rugged *PYRRUS*, like th'arganian beast:
. No t'is not so, it begins with *PIRRUS*:
. O I haue it.
.
. The rugged *PIRRUS*, (H)e whose sable armes,
. *BLACKE* as his [P]urpose did the *NIGHT* resemble,
. Wh[E]n he lay couched in the ominous ho[R]se,
. Hath now his *BLACKE* and grimme [C]omplexion smeered
. With Heraldr[Y] more dismall, head to foote,
. Now is (H)e totall guise, horridely tricked
. With blood of fathers, mothers, daughters, sonnes,
. Back't and imparched in calagulate GORE,
. Rifted in earth and fire, olde grandsire Pryam seekes:
. So goe on.
.................................................
_______________ <= 28 =>

(H) e w h o s e s a b l e a r m e s*B L A C K E*a s h i s
[P] u r p o s e d i d t h e*N I G H T*r e s e m b l e,W h
[E] n h e l a y c o u c h e d i n t h e o m i n o u s h o
[R] s e,H a t h n o w h i s*B L A C K E*a n d g r i m m e
[C] o m p l e x i o n s m e e r e d W i t h H e r a l d r
[Y] m o r e d i s m a l l,h e a d t o f o o t e,N o w i s
(H) e t o t a l l g u i s e,h o r r i d e l y t r i c k e d

[(H)PERCY(H)] -28 {3,500,000}
.........................................................
<<(H)enry *PERCY* (27 April 1564 – 5 Nov. 1632) was a friend
of Sir Walter RALEIgh and like him, a student of science,
alchemy, and mathematics. Francis Yates has discovered
an essay written by Henry Percy to his wife, setting
forth the thesis that scholarship and learning
are infinitely preferable to female companionship.
Yates suggests that the young noblemen who
in Love's Labour's Lost are portraits of
*NORTHUMBERLAND*, Raleigh, & friends.>>
----------------------------------------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_School_of_*NIGHT*

<<The School of *NIGHT* is a modern name for a group of men centred on
Sir Walter Raleigh that was once referred to in 1592 as the "School of
Atheism." The group supposedly included poets and scientists such as
Christopher Marlowe, George Chapman and Thomas Harriot. Raleigh was
first named as the centre of "The School of Atheism" by the Jesuit
priest Robert Persons in 1592, but "The School of *NIGHT*" is a modern
name; the theory was launched by Arthur Acheson, on textual grounds,
in Shakespeare and the rival Poet (1903). The wording derives from a
passage in Act IV, scene III of William Shakespeare's play Love's
Labour's Lost, in which the King of Navarre says "*BLACK* is the badge
of hell / The hue of dungeons and the school of *NIGHT*." Some writers
have seen the line as an allusion to Raleigh's 'school of atheism',
and have used "The School of *NIGHT*" as a name for the group.

It is alleged that each of these men studied science, philosophy, and
religion, and all were suspected of atheism. Atheism at that time was
a charge nearly the equivalent of treason, since the monarch was the
head of the church and to be against the church was, ipso facto, to be
against the monarch. However, it was also a name for anarchy, and was
a charge frequently brought against the politically troublesome.
Richard Baines, an anti-Catholic spy for her Majesty's Privy Council,
whose "task was presumably to provide his masters with what they
reqired", charged in an unsworn deposition that he had heard
from another that Marlowe had "read the Atheist lecture
to Sr. Walter Raleigh [and] others".>>
-----------------------------------------------------
_____ _Hamlet_ (1623) First Folio:
.
Hoboyes play. The dumbe shew enters.
.
. Enter a King and Queene, very louingly; the Queene embra-
. cing him. She kneeles, and makes shew of Protestation vnto
. him. He takes her vp, and declines his head vpon her neck.
. Layes him downe vpon a Banke of Flowers. She seeing him
. a-sleepe, leaues him. Anon comes in a Fellow, takes off his
. Crowne, kisses it, and powres poyson in the Kings eares,
. and Exits. The Queene returnes, findes the King dead,
. and makes passionate Action. The Poysoner,
. [W]ith some two or th[R]ee Mutes comes in [A]gaine, seeming
. to [L]ament with her. Th[E] dead body is carr[I]ed away:
.........................................
The Poysoner, <= 15 =>
.
. [W] i t h s o m e t w o o r t h
. [R] e e M u t e s c o m e s i n
. [A] g a i n e,s e e m i n g t o
. [L] a m e n t w i t h h e r.T h
. [E] d e a d b o d y i s c a r r
. [I] e d a w a y:
.
[W. RALEI.] 15
-------------------------------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Raleigh
.
<<Raleigh's poetry is written in the relatively straightforward,
unornamented mode known as the plain style. C. S. Lewis considered
Raleigh one of the era's "silver poets", a group of writers who
resisted the Italian Renaissance influence of dense classical
reference and elaborate poetic devices.
.
In poems such as "What is Our Life" & "The Lie", Raleigh expresses a
contemptus mundi (contempt of the world) attitude more characteristic
of the Middle Ages than of the dawning era of humanistic optimism.
But, his lesser-known long poem "The Ocean to Cynthia" combines
this vein with the more elaborate conceits associated with his
contemporaries Edmund Spenser and John Donne, expressing
a melancholy sense of history.
.
A minor poem of Raleigh's captures the atmosphere of the court at
the time of Queen Elizabeth I. His response to Christopher Marlowe's
"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" was "The Nymph's Reply to the
Shepherd". "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" was written in 1592,
while Raleigh's "The Nymph's Reply to The Shepherd" was written four
years later. Both were written in the style of traditional pastoral
poetry. They follow the same structure of six four-line stanzas
employing a rhyme scheme of AABB.
.
The Lie is a political and social criticism poem probably written by
Sir Walter Ralegh. Speaking in the imperative mood throughout, he
commands his soul to go "upon a thankless errand" and tell various
people and organizations of their misdeeds and wrongdoings. And
if they object, Ralegh commands, publicly accuse them to be lying,
or "give them the lie." To "give the lie" was a common phrase
in Ralegh's time of writing.
.
The poem is written in 13 stanzas in an ababcc rhyme scheme.
Ralegh begins with an energetic determination to expose
the truth, especially in the socially elite, although
he knows his doing so will not be well-received.
.
. Go, Soul, the body's guest,
. Upon a thankless errand;
. Fear not to touch the best;
. The *TRUTH* shall be thy warrant:
.
From there the poem moves quickly through a variety of scenes and
situations of falsehood and corruption, all of which Ralegh condemns.
The second and third stanzas declare accuse the court of being
arrogant and yet wholly rotten, the church of being inactive and
apathetic despite its teachings, and accusing those in government
of favoritism and greed, respecting only those in large numbers.
Published after Ralegh's death, scholars are not certain that Ralegh
is the true author of the poem, though he remains the most likely
candidate. This is one of Ralegh's most anthologized poems.>>
....................................................
_____ _The Lie_
.
. Tell wit how much it wrangles
. In tickle points of niceness;
. Tell wisdom she entangles
. Herself in overwiseness:
. And when they do repl[Y],
. Straight give them [B]oth the lie.
. Tell physic of he[R] boldness;
. Tell skill it is pr[E]tension;
. Tell charity of col[D]ness;
. Tell law it is contention:
. And as they do reply,
. So give them still the lie.
.
[DERBY] -24
--------------------------------------------
___ Hamlet (Quarto 2, 1604) Act 3, Scene 4

Ham. It will b{U}t skin and filme the vlcerous place
. Whiles ranc{K} corruption mining all within
. Infects vns[E]ene, {C}onfesse you[R] selfe to heauen,
. R[E]pent what's past, {A|V]oyd what is to com[E],
. And doe not sprea[D] the compo{S}t on th[E] weedes
. To make them rancker, forgiue me t{H}is *MY VERtuE*,
. For in the fatnesse of these pursie {T}imes
. *VERtuE* it selfe of vice must *PARDON* beg,
. Yea curbe and wooe for leaue to doe him good.
...........................................
It will - <= 40 =>

b {U} t skin a ndfi l meth e vlcerousp l aceW h iles r an
c {K} c orru p tion m inin g allwithin I nfec t svns[E]en
e {C} o nfes s eyou[R]self e toheauenR[E]pent w hats p as
t {A}[V]oydw h atis t ocom[E]Anddoenot s prea[D]thec o mp
o {S} t onth[E]weed e sTom a kethemran c kerf o rgiu e me
t {H} i sMYV E RTUE F orin t hefatness e ofth e sepu r si
e {T} i mes

{TH.SACKU.} Skip -40
...........................................
_______ <= 15 =>

. I n f e c t s v n s [E] e n e{C}
. o n f e s s e y o u [R] s e l f
. e t o h e a u e n R [E] p e n t
. w h a t s p a s t{A}[V] o y d w
. h a t i s t o c o m [E] A n d d
. o e n o t s p r e a [D] t h e c
. o m p o{S}t o n t h [E] w e e d
. e s T o m a k e t h -e- m r a n
. c k e r f o r g i u -e- m e t{H}
. i s*M Y V E R T U E*-F- o r i n
. t h e f a t n e s s -e- o f t h
. e s e p u r s i e{T}-i- m e s

[E.DE VERE] Skip: -15
{A finding by Dr. James Ferris}

The probability of finding [E.DE VERE] with
a Skip of 15 or less in Hamlet Q2 ~ 1 in 40.
-----------------------------------------------------
Art Neuendorffer