This looks like a very early Dekatron two-lane drag race timer. Probably 1950s build date, judging from the postwar box.
It’s interesting that the builder couldn’t be bothered to put any labels on the box. So we can guess.
The left three digits of each row could be n.nn seconds with a 10 second neon to the left.
The three tight digits of each row could be 0.nnn seconds through the traps for MPH lookup in the huge paper chart being held below the instrument, with the right neon lamp indicating the winner (first person to reach the finish line).
Later mass-produced drag race timers used Nixie tubes but were otherwise very similar.