These look like hand-made test tubes. On the back it says МАКЕТ(MAKET, duh) which translates to "MOCKUP" or "SAMPLE".
The stems are definitely hand-crushed, and the bases are very crooked. Red paint... maybe they were going after the western look originally, but decided otherwise for the final product?
The manufacturer mark suggests that it was made by МЭЛЗ(MELZ) - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московский_электроламповый_завод
No English version of the page available, but Google Translate should suffice.