A 6,000-year-dormant Icelandic volcano just erupted - and it's awesome

[sokin]

After months of earthquakes, a long-dormant volcano in the southwest of
Iceland erupted on Friday night, leading to dramatic videos and splendid
red skies near the country’s capital city.

According to the Icelandic Meteorological Office, the eruption near Mount
Fagradalsfjall, about 20 miles southwest of Reykjavik, took place at 8:45
pm. Though considered small, the eruption created a fissure about 1,640
feet long, and spewed more than 10 million square feet of lava, sometimes
in fountains reaching heights of more than 300 feet.


It was the first volcanic eruption in this part of Iceland — the Reykjanes
Peninsula, home to Reykjavik, where most of the country’s residents live —
in 781 years. And it was the first time this particular volcano had gone
off in about 6,000 years.

The eruption, in the Geldinga Valley, was remote enough that evacuations
were not necessary, and no structures were endangered.

“As of now it is not considered a threat to surrounding towns,” said
Iceland’s prime minister, Katrín Jakobsdóttir, on Twitter on Friday night.
“We ask people to keep away from the immediate area and stay safe.”


Experts warned residents to beware emissions of dangerous gases, including
carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, and there were some resulting traffic
jams. Drones were temporarily prohibited from flying over the area, to
allow scientists first access, but flights in and out of the international
Keflavik Airport have not been affected.

The head of emergency management in the country told people to close their
windows and stay inside to avoid volcanic gas pollution, which could
spread as far as Thorlákshöfn, a city about 30 miles south of Reykjavik.

But on Saturday, the meteorological office said, “Currently, gas pollution
is not expected to cause much discomfort for people except close up to the
source of the eruption.”

The eruption is ongoing, and could last for “a day or a month,” Magnús
Tumi Gudmundsson, a geophysicist at the University of Iceland, told RÚV,
the Icelandic National Broadcasting Service.


That makes this latest Icelandic geologic event starkly different than
than the large-scale earthquake at the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in 2010,
which caused more than 100,000 flights across Europe to be canceled for
weeks afterwards as ash spread across northern Europe and Great Britain.
That was described as the largest shutdown of airspace since WWII.

“The more we see, the smaller this eruption gets,” Páll Einarsson, a
geophysicist at the University of Iceland, told the Associated Press on
Saturday.

Despite the relatively small size, the eruption provided residents with
unique views — and people across the region shared photos of the skies, as
scientists set up a livestream of the flowing lava.


Iceland’s location makes it particularly susceptible to earthquakes — and
eruptions
Iceland is no stranger to volcanic activity. There is usually an eruption
every four or five years because the island is in a region that is
particularly susceptible to seismic activity. The most recent one, in
2014, was at Holuhraun, a lava field in the Icelandic Highlands.

Earthquakes are a familiar experience, too; since 2014, the country
registered between 1,000 and 3,000 earthquakes per year. But since
December 2019, that number has dramatically increased, according to the
New York Times; scientists are still working to understand why.

In the last week alone, Iceland experienced more than 18,000 earthquakes,
with more than 3,000 on Sunday. At least 400 had taken place in the area
of the volcano the day before the eruption — and that was a relatively
calm day, according to state meteorologists.

“This is somewhat less seismic activity in comparison to previous mornings
where the numbers have been around 1,000 earthquakes,” the meteorological
office said.

Many of those earthquakes were undetectable to ordinary people, but some
were of magnitude 3 and greater, so that they could be felt. The largest
was a 5.7-magnitude quake on the morning of February 24, followed by a
magnitude 5 tremor 30 minutes later.

“I have experienced earthquakes before, but never so many in a row,”
Reykjavik resident Audur Alfa Ólafsdóttir told CNN earlier this month. “It
is very unusual to feel the Earth shake 24 hours a day for a whole week.
It makes you feel very small and powerless against nature.”

According to Thorvaldur Thórdarson, a professor of volcanology at the
University of Iceland, the cause of this dramatic increase in seismic
activity is still being studied.

“We are battling with the ‘why’ at the moment. Why is this happening?” he
told CNN. “It is very likely that we have an intrusion of magma into the
[Earth’s] crust there. It has definitely moved closer to the surface, but
we are trying to figure out if it’s moving even closer to it.”

Icelanders were warned about possible volcanic activity as a result of the
earthquakes beginning on March 3. Officials at the time did not expect the
event to be life-threatening or affect property.

Iceland’s location along a series of tectonic plates — known as the Mid-
Atlantic Ridge — has made it uniquely susceptible to activity.

As the Times’s Elian Peltier writes, “The country straddles two tectonic
plates, which are themselves divided by an undersea mountain chain that
oozes molten hot rock, or magma. Quakes occur when the magma pushes
through the plates.”

Officials, including Justice Minister Áslaug Arna Sigurbjörnsdóttir, the
Coast Guard, and first responders shared overhead images of bright lava
spilling through the fissure.


And many Icelanders shared images on social media of the eruption’s
aftermath, which cast an orange hue into the sky. At night, from certain
angles, its glow merged with the famed green and blue of the northern
lights.


Pop star Björk — perhaps Iceland’s most famous resident — was one of those
expressing excitement about the historic event and ensuing beauty.


“YESSS !! , eruption !!” she wrote on Instagram on Friday. “We in iceland
are sooo excited !!! we still got it !!! sense of relief when nature
expresses herself !!!”

https://www.vox.com/2021/3/20/22341888/iceland-dormant-volcano-erupted-
fagradalsfjall-reykjavik