Well, I've learned a bit more. Although I don't know what the problem is exactly with the pdf, it IS a problem with the pdf. I created it using the dopdf printer. I created the same one using cutepdf, and pdflatex compiled without any errors.
On a somewhat-related note: if anyone has recommendations on a nice, free pdf printer, let me know! I've used dopdf for awhile, which seems to work just fine for regular pdf viewing. I think that cutepdf will become what I use for tex documents from now on, unless people have other solutions.