The Eastern Wolf was listed as special concern when the Endangered Species
Act took effect in 2008, and was renamed Algonquin Wolf and re-classified as
threatened on June 15, 2016. Status assessments by the Committee on the
Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) and by the Committee on
the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO) refer to the same
taxonomic entity (group of animals). However, COSSARO concluded that Eastern
Wolf is no longer the appropriate common name. Although there was once a
distinct species called Eastern Wolves, a long history of hybridization
among Eastern Wolves, Grey Wolves, and Coyotes, has led to a hybrid taxon
that is evolutionarily distinct from other canids. As a result, COSSARO
believes that a new name, the Algonquin Wolf, is most appropriate.
There was controversy with respect to the name change and re-classification
of the "Algonquin Wolf" as to whether or not they even existed as a distinct
species, in what numbers and where. The Ontario Fur Managers arranged for
over 400 samples to be sent to Princeton University for genome sequencing as
well as to the MNRF lab at Trent Univ for DNA analysis. All of these samples
came from central Ontario around Algonquin PP and the 3 other areas
identified for additional wild canid protection.
Overall, 300 trappers voluntarily agreed to participate in this research
initiative and in total, 392 unique genotypes of « canids » were analyzed.
The results were as follows :
294 were eastern coyotes (294 of 392 = 75.0%)
49 were hybrids of two groups (12.5%)
24 were admixed or « hybridized extensively » (6.1%)
14 were gray wolves (3.6%)
11 were Algonquin wolves (2.8%)
These samples were taken in areas identified as core Algonquin Wolf habitat.
Some of the samples were taken from north of Algonquin PP, in the area of
Killarney PP because that area was also designated for protection for
Algonquin Wolves as core habitat. That may explain why 14 gray wolves were
sampled. I think it would be safe to conclude wild canids in the Ottawa area
and south of Ottawa are eastern coyotes. That doesn't not preclude an animal
dispersing into this area but in all likelihood if it bred it would result
in a hybrid i.e. the eastern coyote.
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