Frederik
As you have seen, by default the Streaming server does limit the number of channels. This is configurable.
With file store implementation, a channel is persisted in a directory, each containing many files. So one of the resource limitations would be the number of file descriptors.
For other type of stores (you plan to use SQL) is simply memory. The server maintains some state in memory for a given channel, and of course, your database will have its own limits.