Press Release: Bihar Assembly Elections 2025 Phase II: Analysis of Criminal Background, Financial, Education, Gender and other Details of Candidates

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Nov 4, 2025, 3:08:59 AM (5 days ago) Nov 4

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Press Release

Date: November 4, 2025

Dear Friends,

The Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and Bihar Election Watch have analysed the self-sworn affidavits of 1297 out of 1302 candidates, who are contesting in the Bihar Assembly Elections Phase II.

The full reports in English and Hindi can be accessed here: https://adrindia.org/content/Bihar-Candidates-Report-Phase-II-2025

Summary and Highlights

Criminal Background

Candidates with Criminal Cases: Out of 1297 candidates analyzed, 415 (32%) candidates have declared criminal cases against themselves.

Candidates with Serious Criminal Cases: 341(26%) have declared serious criminal cases against themselves.

Candidates with cases related to Murder: 19 candidates have declared cases of to murder (IPC Section-302, 303) and (BNS Section-103(1)).

Candidates with cases related to Attempt to Murder: 79 candidates have declared cases of attempt to murder (IPC Section-307) and (BNS Section-109).

Candidates with cases related to Crimes against Women: 52 candidates have declared cases related to crimes against women. Out of 52 candidates, 3 candidates have declared cases related to rape (IPC Section-375 and 376).

Party wise Candidates with Criminal Cases: Among the major parties,58(50%) out of 117 candidates analysed from Jan Suraaj Party, 17(19%) out of 91 candidates analysed from BSP, 38 (54%) out of 70 candidates analysed from RJD, 30 (57%) out of 53 candidates analysed from BJP, 14(32%) out of 44 candidates analysed from JD(U), 12(31%) out of 39 candidates analysed from AAP, 25(68%) out of 37 candidates analysed from INC, 9(60%) out of 15 candidates analysed from Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas), 5(83%) out of 6 candidates analysed from CPI(ML)(L), 2(50%) out of 4 candidates analysed from CPI and 1 (100%) out of 1 candidate analysed from CPI(M) have declared criminal cases against themselves in their affidavits.

Figure: Party Wise Percentage of Candidates with Criminal Cases

Party wise Candidates with Serious Criminal Cases: Among the major parties,51(44%) out of 117 candidates analysed from Jan Suraaj Party, 12(13%) out of 91 candidates analysed from BSP, 27 (39%) out of 70 candidates analysed from RJD, 22 (42%) out of 53 candidates analysed from BJP, 11(25%) out of 44 candidates analysed from JD(U), 12(31%) out of 39 candidates analysed from AAP, 20(54%) out of 37 candidates analysed from INC, 9(60%) out of 15 candidates analysed from Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas), 4(67%) out of 6 candidates analysed from CPI(ML)(L), 2(50%) out of 4 candidates analysed from CPI and 1 (100%) out of 1 candidate analysed from CPI(M) have declared serious criminal cases against themselves in their affidavits.

Red Alert Constituencies*: 73(60%) out of 122 constituencies are red alert constituencies. Red alert constituencies are those where 3 or more contesting candidates have declared criminal cases against themselves.

The directions of the Supreme Court have had no effect on the political parties in selection of candidates in the Bihar Assembly Elections 2025 Phase II as they have again followed their old practice of giving tickets to around 32% candidates with criminal cases. All major parties contesting in Bihar Elections Phase 2 have given tickets from 19 % to 100 % candidates who have declared criminal cases against themselves. The Supreme Court in its directions dated 13th February, 2020 had specifically instructed political parties to give reasons for such selection and why other individuals without criminal antecedents could not be selected as candidates. As per these mandatory guidelines, the reasons for such selection has to be with reference to qualifications, achievements and merit of the candidate concerned. During the recent Delhi Assembly elections held in february 2025, it was observed that political parties gave unfounded and baseless reasons like popularity of the person, does good social work, cases are politically motivated etc. These are not sound and cogent reasons for fielding candidates with tainted backgrounds. This data clearly shows that political parties have no interest in reforming the electoral system and our democracy will continue to suffer at the hands of lawbreakers who become lawmakers.

Financial Background

Figure: Share of Wealth among the Contesting Candidates

Share of wealth among candidates: The share of wealth amongst the candidates contesting in the Bihar assembly elections 2025 phase II is as follows:

Value of assets (Rs.)	Number of candidates	Percentage of Candidates
Rs. 10 crores and above	98	7.6%
Rs. 5 crores to Rs. 10 crores	100	7.7%
Rs. 1 crore to Rs. 5 crores	364	28.1%
Rs. 20 lakhs to Rs. 1 crore	374	28.8%
less than Rs. 20 lakhs	361	27.8%

Table: Share of wealth amongst contesting candidates

Crorepati Candidates: Out of the 1297 candidates, 562 (43%) are crorepatis.

Party wise Crorepati Candidates: The role of money power in our elections is evident from the fact that all major political parties give tickets to wealthy candidates. Among the major parties 86(74%) out of 117 candidates analysed from Jan Suraaj Party, 59(84%) out of 70 candidates analysed from RJD, 44(83%) out of 53 candidates analysed from BJP, 40(91%) out of 44 candidates analysed from JD(U), 31(84%) out of 37 candidates analysed from INC, 30(33%) out of 91 candidates analysed from BSP, 15(100%) out of 15 candidates analysed from Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas), 13(33%) out of 39 candidates analysed from AAP, 3(50%) out of 6 candidates analysed from CPI(ML)(L), 2(50%) out of 4 candidates analysed from CPI and 1(100%) out of 1 candidate analysed from CPI(M) have declared assets valued more than Rs 1 crore.

Figure: Party Wise Percentage of Crorepati Candidates

Average assets: The average of assets per candidate contesting in the Bihar Assembly Elections 2025 Phase II is Rs 3.44 Crore.

Party wise average assets: Among major parties, the average assets per candidate for 117 Jan Suraaj Party candidates analysed is Rs. 5.35 Crores, 91 BSP candidates analysed is Rs 2.33 Crores, 70 RJD candidates have average assets of Rs 6.49 Crores, 53 BJP candidates have average assets of Rs 6.40 Crores, 44 JD(U) candidates have average assets of Rs 9.18 Crores, 39 AAP candidates have average assets of Rs 2.16 Crores, 37 INC candidates have average assets of Rs 7.41 Crores, 15 Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) candidates have average assets of Rs 14.98 Crores, 6 CPI(ML)(L) candidates have average assets of Rs 1.29 Crore and 4 CPI candidates have average assets worth Rs. 4.01 Crores.

High asset candidates: The details of top 3 candidates with highest declared assets, contesting in the Bihar Assembly Elections Phase II are given below:

S.No.	Name	District	Constituency	Party Name	Movable Assets (Rs)	Immovable Assets (Rs)	Total Assets (Rs)	PAN Given
1	Ran Kaushal Pratap Singh	Paschim Champaran	Lauriya	Vikassheel Insaan Party	27,42,04,809	3,41,56,52,375^*	3,68,98,57,184 368 Crore+	Y
2	Nitish Kumar	Gaya	Gurua	Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party	31,00,000	2,50,00,00,000^*	2,50,31,00,000 250 Crore+	Y
3	Manorma Devi	Gaya	Belaganj	JD(U)	9,23,06,747	66,00,00,000	75,23,06,747 75 Crore+	Y

Table: Top three candidates with highest declared assets

* On assets value indicates that the candidate has not provided the total in their affidavits, it has been calculated on the basis of details provided by them in the same

Zero assets candidates: One candidate of BSP namely Sunil Kumar Choudhary contesting from Pirpainti (SC) constituency has declared zero assets.

Low assets candidates: The details of three candidates with lowest assets (excluding zero assets candidate) are as follows:

S.No.	Name	District	Constituency	Party Name	Movable Assets (Rs)	Immovable Assets (Rs)	Total Assets (Rs)	PAN Given
1	Suresh Rajvanshi	Gaya	Wazirganj	Moolniwasi Samaj Party	1,100	0	1,100 1 Thou+	Y
2	Pankaj Kumar Ram	Madhubani	Benipatti	IND	2,000	0	2,000 2 Thou+	Y
3	Rajmangal Prasad	Purvi Champaran	Pipra	IND	2,000^*	0	2,000 2 Thou+	N

Table: Candidates with declared lowest assets

* On assets value indicates that the candidate has not provided the total in their affidavits, it has been calculated on the basis of details provided by them in the same

Candidates with high liabilities: 621(48%) candidates have declared liabilities in their affidavits. The details of top three candidates with highest liabilities are given below:

S.No.	Name	District	Constituency	Party Name	Total Assets(Rs)	Liabilities (Rs)	PAN Given
1	Niraj Singh	Sheohar	Sheohar	Jan Suraaj Party	58,32,04,616 58 Crore+	18,06,79,306 18 Crore+	Y
2	Ran Kaushal Pratap Singh	Paschim Champaran	Lauriya	Vikassheel Insaan Party	3,68,98,57,184 368 Crore+	15,58,81,358 15 Crore+	Y
3	Rajeev Ranjan Singh	Rohtas	Dehri	Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)	30,68,32,958 30 Crore+	14,59,71,545 14 Crore+	Y

Table: Top three candidates with highest liabilities

Candidates with high income as declared in the ITR*: The details of top 3 candidates with high income declared in ITR are given below:

S.No.	Name	Party Name	Constituency	District Name	Total Assets (Rs)	Self-Source of Income	Spouse's Source of Income	The financial year for which the last income tax return has been filed by candidate	Total income shown by candidate in ITR (Self+Spouse+Dependent) (Rs)	Self-income shown by candidate in ITR (Rs)
1	Ran Kaushal Pratap Singh	Vikassheel Insaan Party	Lauriya	Paschim Champaran	3,68,98,57,184 368 Crore+	Business & Agriculture	Agriculture & Business	2024-2025	11,48,97,500 11 Crore+	10,99,11,160 10 Crore+
2	Nayan Kumar	IND	Warsaliganj	Nawada	23,29,18,657 23 Crore+	Agriculture & Investment	Investment & Other	2024-2025	10,28,48,300 10 Crore+	4,84,44,900 4 Crore+
3	Deepak Yadav	RJD	Narkatiaganj	Paschim Champaran	70,87,55,004 70 Crore+	Business, Salary, Agriculture and Interest from the bank	Business, Salary, Agriculture and Interest from the bank	2024-2025	8,59,17,950 8 Crore+	8,42,41,230 8 Crore+

Table: Top 3 candidates with highest income as declared in ITR

Other Background Details

Education details of candidates: 528(41%) candidates have declared their educational qualifications to be between 5^th and 12^thstandard while 627(48%) candidates have declared having an educational qualification of graduate or above. 15 candidates are Diploma holders. 117candidates have declared themselves to be just literate and 9 candidates are Illiterates. 1 candidate has not given his educational details in the affidavit.

Age details of candidates: 445(34%) candidates have declared their age to be between 25 to 40 years while 680 (52%) candidates have declared their age to be between 41 to 60 years. There are 170(13%) candidates who have declared their age to be between 61 to 80 years. There are 2 candidates who have declared their age to be above 80 years.

Gender details of candidates: 133(10%) female candidates are contesting in the Bihar assembly election 2025 Phase II.

Recommendations of ADR

To remedy the existing problem of criminalization is to immediately act upon the plausible solutions offered by various committees, civil society and citizens. The Supreme Court of India being the ultimate custodian of “Justice and Rule of Law” should reprimand political parties and politicians for their complete lack of will, reprehensible predilection and absence of required laws.
Permanent disqualification of candidates convicted for heinous crimes like murder, rape, smuggling, dacoity, kidnapping etc.
Disqualification of persons from contesting elections to the public offices against whom charges have been framed for having committed serious criminal offences punishable by imprisonment of at least 5 years, and the case is filed at least 6 months prior to the election in question.
Cancellation of tax exemptions given to the political parties who field such tainted candidates.
Bringing political parties under the Right to Information Act.
De-register and de-recognise any political party if it knowingly puts up a candidate with a tainted background.
Political parties should annually file the information on criminal antecedents of their Office Bearers and make such records available to the public, including NIL records.
Disqualification of candidates furnishing false information in the election affidavit (Form 26).
Ensure trial of cases in which the politicians are accused to be concluded in a time bound manner.
Implementation of SC judgment dated 23^rd September, 2013 (i.e provision of NOTA buttons on the EVMs) in its letter and spirit by ensuring a) if NOTA gets more votes than any of the candidates, none of the candidates should be declared elected, and a fresh election should be held; b) in the fresh election, none of the candidates in the earlier election, in which NOTA got the highest number of votes, should be allowed to contest.
Implementation of the 25^th September, 2018 and 13^th February, 2020 SC orders on 'publication of criminal cases against candidates selected by political parties along with reasons for such selection' in its letter and spirit by directing the Election Commission of India a) to list out names of such tainted candidates selected by the political parties along with such reasons for such selection C8 including diligent publication of reasons in newspapers, T.V channels, party website etc, b) strict and constant reminders by ROs to the defaulters, c) list needs to be religiously prepared and submitted to the Supreme Court after every election, d) uploading of this list on ECI’s website for public inspection, e) a suitably heavy financial penalty levied on political parties for making insufficient disclosures, invalid and common reasons, selection of candidates based on winnability and f) Officer in-charge of a political party pertaining to submission of a compliance report should also be held accountable for such a breach.
The Election Commission of India and all State Election Commissions should make it mandatory in all elections; Parliamentary, Assembly and Local Body elections to carry display boards outside each and every polling booth showing a summarised version of candidates’ affidavits. The polling booths should essentially display details of candidate’s criminal records, assets and liabilities and education qualification.
The Election Commission of India under its ‘Systematic Voters’ Education and Electoral Participation’ (SVEEP) as well as through other national campaigns on voter awareness held before every election should inform and aware the voters that (i) taking and giving cash or gifts/freebies for votes is a criminal offense, (ii) such instances should be brought to the notice of the ECI through its web application, (iii) inform voters that information on criminal records of candidates is available on the ECI website, outside polling booths and other sources that the ECI may use.
Political parties in India should be required to announce/publish the list of candidates contesting elections at least 3 months prior to elections.
Role of money and muscle power is evident from the fact that all major political parties in Bihar Assembly Elections 2025 Phase II have fielded 33% to 100% candidates who are crorepatis and 19% to 100 % candidates who have declared criminal cases against themselves. This close and alarming nexus between money power and muscle power has got so ingrained in our electoral system that the citizens are left hostage to the current situation. Money and muscle power hurt the principles of 'free and fair elections', 'participatory democracy' and 'level playing field'. The present circumstances therefore demand an extensive deliberation by the voters so that sanctity of elections is not ridiculed by tenacious entry of tainted candidates and candidates with abnormal multiplication of assets.