Press Release: Out of the 275 parties analysed, 163 parties (59.273%) have not made their audit reports and statements of donations above Rs 20,000 available on the respective State CEO websites. Among these, 113 parties had contested the Bihar Assembly Elections in 2020.

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Press Release

November 07, 2025

Analysis of Status of Submission of Annual Reports for FY 2023-24 and Electoral Performance of Registered Unrecognised Political Parties of Bihar and others which contested 2020 Bihar Assembly Election

For the detailed report on key findings, observations and recommendations by ADR, please access the report on the website: https://adrindia.org/content/Analysis_of_Registered_Unrecognised_Political_Parties_of_Bihar
Link to data available on MyNeta website: https://51.75.52.89/party/unrecognized_parties_bihar.php

Introduction

This report examines the landscape of registered unrecognised political parties registered in Bihar and those that contested the 2020 Bihar Assembly Election, a state known for its vibrant and complex political ecosystem. The data analysed covers FY 2023-24, drawing from audit reports, donation statements, and other disclosures available on the websites of Chief Electoral Officer (CEO) of Bihar, other relevant states’ CEOs and the ECI. It includes a total of 278 parties initially reviewed, with 275 forming the core of this report after excluding three specific cases: the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation), now recognized as a regional party in Bihar, and Bharat Bhrashtachar Mitao Party (Delhi) and Samajwadi Janata Dal (Democratic) (Bihar), classified as inactive registered unrecognised political parties (RUPPs) by the Election Commission of India (ECI) on May 15, 2023. All three had contested the Bihar Assembly Election 2020. Of the 275 parties, 184 are registered in Bihar, while 91 hail from other states. Key metrics include income, expenditures, donations (total and above Rs 20,000), and electoral participation, particularly in the Bihar Assembly Election 2020, where 195 such parties contested, of which 192 analysed here.

A notable update is that 32 parties (data available here) were delisted by the ECI in August and September 2025, as per their official notifications. This impacts their status and is reflected in the analysis where relevant. The delisting was based on factors like inactivity, failure to comply with reporting requirements, or lack of electoral participation. The aggregate income declared by these parties over the last five financial years (FY 2019-20 to 2023-24) totals approximately Rs 1,099.59 lakhs, with varying levels of details available. Among these delisted parties, the highest income was declared by Rashtriya Sarvodaya Party of Bihar (registered in January 2014) with Rs 1,066.37 lakhs over five years, peaking at Rs 426.34 lakhs in FY 2021-22. As per available information, it did not contest elections.

Previously also ADR has released several reports on the political finance disclosures by the RUPPs, which can be accessed here.

Overall Summary of Party Status

The dataset provides a comprehensive snapshot of RUPPs associated with Bihar's political scene for FY 2023-24. Out of 275 parties analysed:

Total Audit Reports Available: 98 (indicating financial audits were submitted or accessible for these parties).
Total Donation Reports Available: 81 (covering contributions received, with a focus on those above Rs 20,000 as mandated for disclosure).
Report Availability Breakdown:

Both reports available: 67 parties (24.363%).
Only audit report available: 31 parties (11.273%).
Only donation report available: 14 parties (5.091%).
Both reports unavailable: 163 parties (59.273%).

The above analysis highlights significant gaps in transparency, as over half the parties lack publicly available financial disclosures on state CEO websites and ECI.

Non-Contesting Parties: Dormant Entities in the Ecosystem

28 RUPPs (see link here for more details) registered in Bihar did not contest any elections, based on available information. Their combined five-year income is Rs 152.545 lakhs, from FY 2019-20 to FY 2023-24. The highest five-year income of Rs 82.398 lakhs was declared by Mithilawadi Party (registered in September 2020) with a steady annual income around Rs 20 lakhs. This is followed by Shoshit Inquilab Party with total income of Rs 29.49 lakhs between FY 2019-20 to 2023-24, split between FY 2023-24 (Rs 15.31 lakhs) and 2022-23 (Rs 14.18 lakhs); and Gantantrik Janhit Party with total income of Rs 21.05 lakhs, showing growth from Rs 3.05 lakhs in FY 2021-22 to Rs 10 lakhs in FY 2023-24.

Analysis of registered unrecognised political parties whose both annual audit statements and contribution reports are available for FY 2023-24

This report analyses the status of submission of annual reports of a total of 275 (9.95% of the total RUPPs) registered unrecognised parties – 184 parties registered in Bihar and 91 parties belonging to other states, whose either audit or contribution reports were available on the Bihar and other relevant states’ CEOs websites for the FY 2023-24.
The analysis shows that both annual audit and contribution reports are available in the public domain for 67 RUPPs for FY 2023-24. Together these parties declared a total income of Rs 85.56 cr, total expenditure of Rs 71.49 cr and total donations (exceeding Rs 20,000) of Rs 71.73 cr.
The highest income was declared by Samata Party (Delhi) of Rs 53.139 cr followed by West Bengal’s Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) of Rs 9.598 cr.
The top ten RUPPs (by income) that declared both audit and contribution reports for FY 2023-24 are as follows:

Party Name	Total Income (Rs lakhs)	Total Expenditure (Rs lakhs)	Total Donations (Rs lakhs)	Donations Above Rs 20,000 (Rs lakhs)
Samata Party	5,313.92	5,028.46	5,312.76	5,312.58
Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)	959.82	705.45	228.91	228.91
Social Democratic Party of India	479.55	444.14	474.6	479.55
Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)	430.37	121.2	430.18	245.18
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha	246.82	37.14	242.83	16.18
Rashtriya Sarvodaya Party	242.45	128.15	242.45	242.45
Rashtriya Janshakti Party (Secular)	183.01	97.32	183.01	178.96
Jan Sangh Party	180.12	157.79	180.12	184.26
Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party	140.34	128.71	140.34	54.57
Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi	115.94	64.23	107.8	86.2
Total	Rs 82.923 cr	Rs 69.126 cr	Rs 75.43 cr	Rs 70.288 cr

In terms of electoral performance, 46 (69%) out of these 67 RUPPs contested the Bihar Assembly Election 2020. Together these parties fielded 504 candidates, out of which only 8 candidates won, four each from Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) and Vikassheel Insaan Party with a vote share of 375,564 and 639,840 votes respectively.

Analysis of registered unrecognised political parties whose only annual audit reports are available for FY 2023-24

This category includes 31 parties whose only audit reports for FY 2023-24 were available in the public domain, but not donation reports. These reports provide insights into income and expenditure, with donations listed but without breakdowns for contributions above Rs 20,000. The parties are predominantly registered in Bihar (24), with others from Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Delhi, and Jharkhand.
Together these RUPPs declared total income of Rs 18.17 cr, total expenditure of Rs 18.03 cr and total donations worth Rs 18.02 cr – nearly matching the income, suggesting that donations are the primary funding source.
The top party, Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party (registered in Bihar), with a total income of Rs 1647.59 lakhs accounts for over 90% of the income of all 31 RUPPs.
The details of top ten RUPPs (by income) that declared only audit reports for FY 2023-24 are as follows:

Details of top 10 RUPPs that contested 2020 Bihar Election and declared Audit Reports only for FY 2023-24
S.No.	Party Name	Registered Address (State)	Registration of political party with ECI	Total Income (in Rs lakhs)	Total Expenditure (in Rs lakhs)	Total Donation (in Rs Lakhs)	Donations above Rs 20,000 (in Rs Lakhs)
1	Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party	Bihar	(Regd. No.: 56/134/2017-17/PPS-1)	1647.59	1647.07	1647.59	N/A
2	Loktantrik Lok Rajyam Party	Bihar	Formation year not found	37.88	34.46	37.86	N/A
3	Jan Adhikar Party	Uttar Pradesh	May 2015	27.74	24.58	20.31	N/A
4	Peace Party	Uttar Pradesh	February 2008	19.43	19.7	19.43	N/A
5	Shoshit Inquilab Party	Bihar	Formation year not found	15.31	14.27	11.79	N/A
6	Peoples Party of India (Democratic)	Gujarat	March 2018	13.67	11.37	12.49	N/A
7	Bharatiya Aam Awam Party	Bihar	Formation year not found	11.56	11.54	11.56	N/A
8	Gantantrik Janhit Party	Bihar	Formation year not found	10	10.08	10	N/A
9	National Jagaran Party	Bihar	Formation year not found	8.67	8.66	8.67	N/A
10	Ambedkarite Party of India	Maharashtra	December 2013	4.67	2.88	4.5	N/A

In terms of electoral performance, 21 (68%) out of these 31 RUPPs contested the Bihar Assembly Election 2020. Together these parties fielded 178 candidates, out of which no candidate won.
Peoples Party of India (Democratic) had the highest share in valid votes polled in state (37,630 votes)

Analysis of registered unrecognised political parties whose only contribution reports are available for FY 2023-24

This category comprises 14 parties with donation reports but no audit reports. These reports provide details of donations above Rs 20,000. Parties are mostly from Bihar (7), with others from Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Haryana.
Together these RUPPs declared total donations above Rs 20,000 worth Rs 682.28 cr.
The top parties, Aam Janmat Party and Prabal Bharat Party (both registered in Bihar), having total donations above Rs 20,000 of Rs 680.655 cr, which accounts for over 99% of donations of all 14 RUPPs.
The details of all 14 RUPPs that declared only audit reports for FY 2023-24 are as follows:

Details of 14 RUPPs that contested 2020 Bihar Election and whose Contribution Reports only are available for FY 2023-24
S.No.	Party Name	Registered Address (State)	Registration of political party with ECI	Total Income	Total Expenditure	Total Donations	Donations above Rs 20,000 (in Rs Lakhs)
1	Aam Janmat Party	Bihar	May 2020	N/A	N/A	N/A	62024.35
2	Prabal Bharat Party	Bihar	October 2019	N/A	N/A	N/A	6041.19
3	Rashtriya General Party	Bihar	March 2017	N/A	N/A	N/A	80.85
4	Swaraj India	Delhi	February 2017	N/A	N/A	N/A	64.68
5	Proutist Bloc, India	Delhi	September 2010	N/A	N/A	N/A	17.34
6	Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal (Democratic)	Madhya Pradesh	Formation year not found	N/A	N/A	N/A	0
7	Loktantrik Janta Dal	Haryana	July 2018	N/A	N/A	N/A	0
8	Rashtriya Jansangharsh Swaraj Party	Jharkhand	Jun 2016	N/A	N/A	N/A	0
9	Sathi Aur Aapka Faisala Party	Bihar	December 2014	N/A	N/A	N/A	0
10	Sapaks Party	Madhya Pradesh	November 2018	N/A	N/A	N/A	0
11	Swatantra Samaj Party	Bihar	March 2011	N/A	N/A	N/A	0
12	Voters Party International	Delhi	November 2016	N/A	N/A	N/A	0
13	Lohiya Janta Dal	Bihar	March 2024	N/A	N/A	N/A	0
14	Sudharwadi Party	Bihar	February 2021	N/A	N/A	N/A	0

In terms of electoral performance, 12 (85.71%) out of these 14 RUPPs contested the Bihar Assembly Election 2020. Together these parties fielded 72 candidates, out of which no candidate won.
Voters Party International had the highest share in valid votes polled in state (18,257 votes).

Analysis of registered unrecognised political parties whose both audit and contribution reports are unavailable for FY 2023-24

Both audit and contribution reports are unavailable for 163 RUPPs for FY 2023-24. These parties are characterized by the absence of both audit reports and donation reports on the websites of the respective Chief Electoral Officers (CEOs). This lack of financial disclosures represents a significant transparency gap, as all financial metrics—total income, total expenditures, total donations, and donations above Rs 20,000 are unavailable for these parties.
The parties are registered across multiple states including 114 RUPPs from Bihar, 21 from Delhi and 19 from Uttar Pradesh among others.
113 (69%) out of 163 RUPPs contested the Bihar Assembly Election 2020. Together these parties fielded 712 candidates, none of which won.
The details of 10 RUPPs whose annual audit and contribution reports were not available for FY 2023-24 are as follows. For details of all 163 RUPPs, please refer to the link here.

Bihar RUPPs: Electoral details of 10 RUPPs whose annual audit and contribution reports were unavailable for FY 2023-24
S. No.	Party Name	Registered Address (State)	Registration	Election analysed	No. of contesting candidates	No. of candidates Won	Share in valid votes polled in state	Last election contested by party
1	Aapki Apni Adhikar Party	Haryana	2018	Bihar General Election 2020	4	0	1762	Bihar General Election 2020
2	Aam Adhikar Morcha	Bihar	Formation year not found	Bihar General Election 2020	5	0	7603	Bihar General Election 2020
3	Akhil Bhartiya Manavadhikar Vichar Manch Party	Bihar	Formation year not found	Bihar General Election 2020	1	0	826	Lok Sabha 2024
4	Anti-corruption Dynamic Party	Tamil Nadu	August 2018	Bihar General Election 2020	3	0	1506	Lok Sabha 2024
5	All India Majlis-E-Inquilab-E-Millat	Telangana	September 2019	Bihar General Election 2020	2	0	1947	Maharashtra Assembly Election 2024
6	All India Minorities Front	Delhi	July 1994	Bihar General Election 2020	7	0	6585	Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022
7	Akhil Bhartiya Mithila Party	Bihar	Formation year not found	Bihar General Election 2020	1	0	747	Bihar General Election 2020
8	Akhand Bhartiya Yuva Party	Delhi	January 2013	Bihar General Election 2020	3	0	1104	Bihar General Election 2020
9	Akhand Bharat Janpriya Party	Bihar	Formation year not found	Bihar General Election 2020	1	0	818	Lok Sabha 2024
10	Aadarsh Mithila Party	Uttar Pradesh	March 2014	Bihar General Election 2020	3	0	7543	Lok Sabha 2024

Total Income of top 10 registered unrecognised political parties for the last five years whose both audit and contribution reports are available for FY 2023-24

The total five-year income for these 10 parties is Rs 15,567.2 lakhs (Rs 155.672 crore), with significant concentration in FY 2023-24 (Rs 82.923 crore, or 53% of the total). The parties are registered across multiple states such as Delhi (4), Maharashtra (2), Uttar Pradesh (2), West Bengal (1) and Bihar (1) reflecting the cross-regional nature of RUPPs active in Bihar’s politics.
Income is heavily concentrated, with the top three parties (Samata Party, Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist), and Social Democratic Party of India) contributing Rs 11,767.928 lakhs (75.6% of the total).
Samata Party declared the highest total five-year income of Rs 56.15 cr (36%). Party saw a massive spike in FY 2023-24, comprising 95% of its five-year income.
These parties contested Bihar General Election 2020 with minimal success (e.g., Samata Party: 10 candidates, 9,382 votes; Socialist Unity Centre: 25 candidates, 18,270 votes; all with 0 wins).
FY 2023-24 saw a dramatic increase (53% of total income), likely driven by election cycles (e.g., preparations for Delhi Assembly 2025, Lok Sabha 2024). Earlier years show lower, more stable incomes, with FY 2020-21 (pandemic year) as the lowest at 7.5%.
Only one Bihar-registered party (Rashtriya Sarvodaya) makes to the top 10 by total five-year income, with Delhi (4) and Uttar Pradesh/Maharashtra (2 each) dominating.

Observations of ADR

Jan Sangh Party and Rashtriya Lok Morcha had discrepancies in donation figures (e.g. Rashtriya Lok Morcha reported total donations of Rs 50,120 but declared Rs 11.02 lakhs as donations above Rs 20,000, while Jan Sangh Party declared total donations of Rs 180.12 lakhs where donations above Rs 20,000 shown by the party amounted to Rs 184.26 lakhs).
The Jan Suraaj Party, with a total income of Rs 2.42 cr during FY 2023-24, has not been considered in this report since it was registered in August 2023 and has not contested any elections so far. The RUPPs considered in this report are those that have either contested the Bihar Assembly Election 2020 or those registered in Bihar.
It is important to note that out of the 275 parties analysed, 163 parties (59.273%) have not made their audit reports and statements of donations above Rs 20,000 available on the respective State CEO websites. Among these, 113 parties had contested the Bihar Assembly Elections in 2020, yet their annual audit and donation reports are not publicly accessible. This highlights a serious lack of financial transparency and accountability among these political parties. The remaining 50 parties either did not contest the Bihar Assembly Elections in 2020 or were registered after 2020. The complete details of these parties are available on the MyNeta website.

Recommendations of ADR

In 1999, the ECI had issued notices to more than 200 political parties which were registered till 1995 but failed to contest in any elections. Notices to those parties which were returned undelivered or parties which failed to respond to these notices were deleted only from the list of registered parties, which added up to 150. Similarly, 255 parties were de-listed in 2016 from the list of registered unrecognised parties as they were no longer in existence or functioning. In 2022, the ECI delisted 537 RUPPs for non-compliance, such as failing to submit audited accounts, contribution reports for donations above Rs 20,000, or election expenditure statements. In 2025, the Election Commission of India (ECI) has been actively delisting Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs) in a multi-phase cleanup drive. This has resulted in the delisting of 334 parties in August and another 474 in September, totalling 808, for not contesting elections for six consecutive years. Additionally, a third phase is underway to delist 359 more RUPPs for financial non-compliance, such as not submitting annual audited accounts for the last three financial years, with show-cause notices and hearings being conducted before final decisions are made. This exercise should continue so as to weed out all political parties which do not contest in any election for more than 5 years and also as a means to strengthen the registration process.
The website of the state CEOs should be regularly updated to provide details of status of submission of audit reports and contribution reports by unrecognised parties. As mentioned in the transparency guidelines, the list of reports/statements filed by these parties shall be compiled and uploaded on the CEO’s website within 24 hours of the due date. This list shall be periodically updated by the CEO office, within 3 days of receipt of statement/report from any political party. None of the State CEO websites other than Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Assam, Kerala and Gujarat provide details of status of submission of audit reports. Other state CEO websites must follow the example of these states and display the list of parties and status of submission of their audit reports as mandated by the guidelines.
Regulation of registration of political parties is crucial to avoid money laundering, corrupt electoral practices and abuse of money power. Thus, the ECI should impose strict norms for the registration of an association of persons as a political party apart from taking the stringent step of de-listing those parties which fail to adhere to the rules.
IT scrutiny of unrecognised parties should be taken up, especially of those which do not contest in elections but declare voluntary contributions.
Strengthen oversight, especially for unrecognized parties with high donations from large donors.