The hand is a non-SI unit of measurement of length standardized to 4 in (101.6 mm). It is used to measure the height of horses in many English-speaking countries, including Australia,[1] Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[2] It was originally based on the breadth of a human hand. The adoption of the international inch in 1959 allowed for a standardized imperial form and a metric conversion.[citation needed] It may be abbreviated to "h" or "hh".[3] Although measurements between whole hands are usually expressed in what appears to be decimal format, the subdivision of the hand is not decimal but is in base 4, so subdivisions after the radix point are in quarters of a hand, which are inches.[2] Thus, 62 inches is fifteen and a half hands, or 15.2 hh (normally said as "fifteen-two", or occasionally in full as "fifteen hands two inches").[2]
"Hands" may be abbreviated to "h", or "hh". The "hh" form is sometimes interpreted as standing for "hands high".[4][5][6] When spoken aloud, hands are stated by numbers, 15.0 is "fifteen hands", 15.2 is alternately "fifteen-two" or "fifteen hands, two inches", and so on.[5][6][7]
To convert inches to hands, the number in inches is divided by four, then the remainder is added after the radix point. Thus, a horse that measures 60 inches is 15 hands high (15 4 = 60) and a horse halfway between 15 and 16 hands is 15.2 hands, or 62 inches tall (15 4 + 2 = 62)[5][7] Because the subdivision of a hand is a base 4 system, a horse 64 inches high is 16.0 hands high, not 15.4.[2] A designation of "15.5 hands" is not halfway between 15 and 16 hands, but rather reads 15 hands and five inches, an impossibility in a base 4 radix numbering system, where a hand is four inches.[8]
The hand, sometimes also called a handbreadth or handsbreadth, is an anthropic unit, originally based on the breadth of a male human hand, either with or without the thumb,[2] or on the height of a clenched fist.[9]
On surviving Ancient Egyptian cubit-rods, the royal cubit is divided into seven palms of four digits or fingers each.[10] Five digits are equal to a hand, with thumb; and six to a closed fist.[11] The royal cubit measured approximately 525 mm,[12] so the width of the ancient Egyptian hand was about 94 mm.
In Biblical exegesis the hand measurement, as for example in the Vision of the Temple, Authorized Version Ezekiel 40:43, is usually taken to be palm or handbreadth, and in modern translations may be rendered as "handbreadth"[13] or "three inches".[14]
The hand is a traditional unit in the UK.[2] It was standardised at four inches by a statute of King Henry VIII, the Horses Act 1540 (32 Hen. 8. c. 13),[15][16] but some confusion between the various types of hand measurement, and particularly between the hand and the handsbreadth, appears to have persisted. Phillips's dictionary of 1706 gives four inches for the length of the handful or hand, and three inches for the handsbreadth;[17] Mortimer gives the same, three inches for the Hand's-breadth, and four for the "Handful, or simply, Hand",[16] but adds "The hand among horse-dealers, &c. is four-fingers' breadth, being the fist clenched, whereby the height of a horse is measured", thus equating "hand" with both the palm and the fist. Similarly, Wright's 1831 translation of Buffon mentions "A hand breadth (palmus), the breadth of the four fingers of the hand, or three inches",[18] but the Encyclopdia Perthensis of 1816 gives under Palm (4): "A hand, or measure of lengths comprising three inches".[19]
Today the hand is used to measure the height of horses,[2] ponies, and other equines. It is used in the US and also in some other nations that use the metric system, such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland and the UK. In other parts of the world, including continental Europe and in FEI-regulated international competition, horses are measured in metric units, usually metres or centimetres. In South Africa, measurements may be given in both hands and centimetres,[2] while in Australia, the equestrian regulations stipulate that both measurements are to be given.[20]
In those countries where hands are the usual unit for measuring horse height, inches rather than hands are commonly used in the measurement of smaller equines including miniature horses/ponies,[21] miniature mules,[22] donkeys,[23] and Shetland ponies.[24]
A horse is measured from the ground to the top of the highest non-variable point of the skeleton, the withers.[2] For official measurement, the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra may be identified by palpation, and marked if necessary.[25] Some varieties of Miniature horses are measured at the base of the last true hairs of the mane rather than at the withers.[21]
For international competition regulated by the Fdration questre Internationale (FEI) and for USEF competition in the US, a horse can be measured with shoes on or off. In the United Kingdom, official measurement of horses is overseen by the Joint Measurement Board (JMB). For JMB purposes, the shoes must be removed and the hooves correctly prepared for shoeing prior to measurement.[25]
We offer horsemanship and riding lessons to those 3 years and older in small groups of 10 or less. Participants, together with a partner, will learn everything about horses and horsemanship. Including how to work safely around horses, how to bond with and appreciate animals, and what it takes to care for these magnificent animals.
This three-day series is a wonderful opportunity to introduce your little one to our gentle equine. These hands-on caregiving classes include learning the basic needs of a horse, grooming, feeding, an introduction to riding and more! This is a great time for you and your child to come and have fun with horses while learning safe practices as we do it. This 1-hour class is for ages 3-4 years old and must be accompanied by one chaperone.
This three-day series is a great introduction to horses and learning the basics of riding. This program will help you determine if horses are for you! Participants will learn safety around horses, how to halter a horse, how to lead a horse and basic breeds and colors of horses through fun interactive activities; they will also experience the basics of tack and becoming comfortable on the horse. This 1-hour class is for ages 5-6 years old and must be accompanied by one chaperone.
If you have never been on a horse before, or if you have some experience with horses and would like to learn more about their behavior and caregiving and brush up on your horsemanship skills; then this program is for you. This class is a three-day, 2 hour session, no prerequisites needed.
This program is available for participants who have completed Horse Hands Levels 1, 2 and 3 or the Adult Class. The primary focus of the Horse Hands Riding Series will be on riding; however, students will be required to know the caregiving aspects of horsemanship by completing written tests and hands-on demonstrations. This program is a progression series in which students are able to test into higher levels. Lessons are held weekly, for one-hour sessions.
For those who have completed Horse Hands levels 1-3 or the Adult Horse Hands class. The Beginner I level is an introduction to the fun and challenges of riding horses. It serves to establish a foundation of safe habits and knowledge of the daily care of a horse. The Beginner I rider will learn to ride independently in a bareback pad, with control at the walk and trot through simple patterns. Participants will need to master all Riding and Horsemanship skills to test out to the next level.
For those who have completed all Horsemanship Quizzes and have tested-out of the Novice I Horse Hands Riding evaluation. The Novice 2 rider will have a solid seat and will be able to control the horse through complex patterns at the walk and trot. Riders will be able to maintain a controlled canter and perform basic movements at that gait. Riders will also be introduced to English riding and tack instead of Western.
To answer this lingering query, let us take a look back through the annals of history, wading through the conflicting theories and ancient accounts to uncover the true origin of this curious phenomenon.
The origin of hand measurement for horses has largely been attributed to both the Anglo-Saxon and Roman cultures, with each citing different reasoning for the hand ratio. Anglo-Saxons originally used palms as a way to measure horses until it eventually evolved into using hands. It was viewed as more precise and was considered faster than using a ruler or tape measure, which was not invented until the Middle Ages. The Romans had a much more practical reason for measuring horses in hands, usually four fingers wide. This would have been roughly the same width of an average man's palm, which made it easier to stagger livestock and prevent overcrowding in stables.
The debate still exists today as to whether the influence on horse measurements are rooted more in Anglo-Saxon ideals or Roman practicality, but there is some evidence that suggests both have played large roles. For example, horseshoes were first produced in England long before their use spread in Roman Britain, which further adds credence to the argument of Anglo-Saxon involvement. On the other hand, coinage depicting chariot teams from Ancient Rome existing early on implies their influence in regards to horse measurements.
Overall, it appears that both Anglo-Saxon and Roman cultures share a part of the responsibility for modern day horse measurement. Moving forward, we can examine how Germanic influences helped shaped this system even further and why it remains an important standard today.
The worldwide use of hands as a unit of measure for horses has long been common practice, with some debate on the types of hands used in different countries. The measurement is based on the approximate width of a human hand, typically from the fingertips to the thumb, which measures around four inches.
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