What Happened At A Peace Conference In Portsmouth New Hampshire In 1905
Jennifer Curtis
Portsmouth Peace Treaty resources include: a detailed exhibit with historical artifacts including documents from Russia and Japan; the Portsmouth Peace Treaty Trail mapping the iconic sites of the Treaty summer; permanent historical markers and this website made possible by The Japan Foundation and recognized by the Library of Congress.
what happened at a peace conference in portsmouth new hampshire in 1905
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Since the 100th Treaty anniversary in 2005, New Hampshire has celebrated the importance of citizen diplomacy by: enacting unanimous legislation making September 5th "Portsmouth Peace Treaty Day" by Governor's Proclamation; planting cherry trees throughout the state as a Portsmouth Peace Treaty Living Memorial; and hosting programs (through the NH Humanities Council) that perpetuate the history of the Treaty and its example that every person matters.
The iconic Washington DC cherry trees were a gift from Japan to the US because of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty. In 2012, the Japan America Society of New Hampshire began planting descendants of those trees gifted by the Japanese Foreign Ministry, at key sites related to the Treaty history, as a living memorial to the Portsmouth Peace Treaty and citizen diplomacy. Read more...
THEODORE ROOSEVELT'S
1906 Nobel Peace Prize:
TR in 1906 won the Prize as President for negotiating the peace between Russia and Japan that produced the Treaty in 1905. For more on Roosevelt's diplomacy, and on the annual commemoration of the anniversary of his Nobel Peace Prize, click here and click here to read the acceptance delivered on his behalf December 10, 1906; and here for the lecture he delivered in Norway himself in 1910.
Treaty Exhibit, "An Uncommon Commitment to Peace"
The companion exhibit catalogue (contact in...@portsmouthpeacetreaty.org) includes the newly-documented timeline of events during the 30 days the negotiators were in Portsmouth. It also contains images by noted photographer Richard Haynes, of the exhibit artifacts from 1905.
Nichinan, birthplace of Baron Jutaro Komura, lead diplomat for the Japanese delegation in Portsmouth, established a Sister Cities International agreement in 1985. The cherry trees at Portsmouth City Hall were a gift from Nichinan. Exchange trips between Portsmouth High School and Sister School -- Nichinan Gakuen Jr-Sr High School-- began soon after.
The tradition of commemorating the day of the Treaty signing with bell-ringing began in 1906 when the city celebrated the dedication of a plaque on Building 86 at the Shipyard (above, the site of the formal negotiations), with church bells ringing for a half hour at morning, noon and night.
Click on these maps pages to explore the key sites of The Portsmouth Peace Treaty Trail -- from venues for formal conference sessions to informal social settings, identified through original newspaper reports, diaries and letters from event participants -- to bring the 30 days in 1905 to life.
NH Gov John Lynch signs the bill making Sep 5 "Portsmouth Peace Treaty Day" statewide. The little girl is 5 yr old Madison Roscoe, granddaughter of Rep. Valerie Hardy, bill supporter, who brought her "To teach Madison that you have to get involved."
Each year, an official proclamation by the NH Governor "calls on the citizens of New Hampshire to observe the day with appropriate ceremonies and activities commemorating this important piece of New Hampshire history."
NH State Senator Martha Fuller Clark with co-sponsors Senators Bob Odell, John Barnes and Maggie Hassan and NH State Representative Robin Read and House co-sponsors Representatives Jacqueline Cali-Pitts, Laura Pantelakos, David Watters and James Splaine introduced a bill (Senate 379) making September 5th Portsmouth Peace Treaty Day in New Hampshire. For the full text, click here.
The Portsmouth Peace Treaty endures in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty Forum, established in 1994 as an organization committed to exploring diplomatic themes "in the spirit of the Treaty of Portsmouth." The Forum hosts this website, presents lectures and a traveling exhibit (under the auspices of the NH Humanities Council), sponsors special annual events (see Calendar) and presents the Theodore Roosevelt Nobel Peace Prize Commemoration each December. Past guests have included Samantha Power (on citizen engagement in 2008), Dennis Ross (on Statecraft in 2007), Japanese Ambassador Ryozo Kato (who in 2005 on the 100th anniversary said "Diplomats love Portsmouth because here diplomacy actually worked") and Fiona Hill and Graham Allison, who joined Dr. Kimura and Dr. Sarkisov to present a follow-up to their Beyond Cold War to Trilateral Cooperation report. Click here for transcripts of past Forums.
The Forum also supports a Curriculum Guide now in use in schools, an archival record of the 100th anniversary, a bibliography and continued research. For details about 100th anniversary commemorative events, click here.
This collection includes many family photos from former residents of the old North End of Portsmouth, NH. By the early 20th century, the North End had become a true American melting pot, with a richly diverse population, and while predominately Italian, the neighborhood included Yankee-born, Greek, Polish, Chinese, Swedish and African-American families. The area was demolished during urban renewal (c.1968-c.1973).
The majority of images in the collection are digital copy scans of family photos, which were donated by the family descendants. If you have photographs to contribute contact our Photographic Collections Manager James Smith at (603) 431-2538 or e-mail jsm...@portsmouthathenaeum.org. The Athenaeum can scan your family pictures and return the originals to you.
This collection includes the photographs from the Portsmouth Housing Authority Appraisal Report for an area of the South End of Portsmouth, NH, mostly covering what is now known today as Strawbery Banke Museum. Final report dated September 28, 1955.
In 1866, brewing magnate Frank Jones purchased a c.1830 house and extensively renovated it into a lavish and opulent showplace (as seen in the photograph). Jones also bought adjoining land, raising the size of his property to 400 acres, much of which he used for stabling and pasturing his race horses. The estate was known as Maplewood Farms, and the mansion house still stands at the intersection of Maplewood and Woodbury avenues in Portsmouth, NH.
A Perry Conner photograph shows the United States Navy personnel traveling to or from the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard during the negotiation of the Treaty of Portsmouth. The peace treaty was signed at the Shipyard on Sept. 5, 1905, ending the Russo-Japanese War.
The fees assessed for photograph reproduction and use fund the administration, care, preservation, and processing of the photographs in our collection. A great deal of staff time and supplies are required for our collections to be made accessible for research and preserved for future generations.
Click the image to visit the North End House History digitized collection at the Portsmouth Public Library (PPL). This collection includes the photographs and appraisal reports of approximately 176 inhabited homes in the North End neighborhood from the Vaughan Street Urban Renewal Project. Nearly all of these homes were demolished.
The Athenum today continues a long tradition of mutual improvement by maintaining a library of over 40,000 volumes and an archive of materials relating to local history. The Athenum also sponsors exhibitions, concerts, lectures, and other educational and cultural programs.
It was Portsmouth's finest hour. In August 1905 two warring nations sent envoys half way around the globe to talk about peace. Half a million men had already died in a gruesome territorial conflict over a harsh Asian landscape. Now the future of those nations, perhaps the world, hung on the success of failure of these emissaries. (Full article below)
For 30 days Russian and Japanese negotiators haggled, almost sparking a return to war. Then church bells suddenly rang out across the city and everyone knew their meaning. The Treaty of Portsmouth had been signed.
Thousands died in fierce encounters just to conquer a few additional yards of land. With France and Britain already taking sides, Roosevelt feared that other countries, eventually America, might be drawn into the fray.
Militarily, the island of Japan was showing remarkable skill against the massive Russian bear. Having taken on China in 1900 and having warned the Russian czar to stop his southern expansion toward Manchuria on the mainland, Japanese forces
Roosevelt, the rough riding American president invited Japanese Emperor Mutshuhito and Russian Czar Nicholas II to lay down their swords and talk. Although Roosevelt earned the Nobel Peace Prize for the 1905 success, the president did not personally attend the discussions held at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard just across the harbor in Kittery, Maine. Both the Russian and Japanese delegations to the peace conference stayed at the Wentworth Hotel, recently renovated and re-opened in nearby New Castle.
Exactly why Roosevelt selected Portsmouth remains a hot topic among local historians. We know from a presidential memo that he was seeking "some cool, comfortable and retired place for the meeting of the plenipotentiaries where conditions will be agreeable and where there will be as much freedom from interruption as possible."
The city's immediate access to the sea, the close proximity of the historic shipyard to one of New England's most luxurious seaside resorts, the welcoming and largely unbiased acceptance of local citizens, and some old fashioned politicking by the New Hampshire governor -- all helped turn the world spotlight toward the Piscataqua region during the summer of 1905. Early newsreel footage chronicles the arrival of the Russian and Japanese delegates. Military bands marched through the center of a town thronged with visitors and decked out in bunting. Boys and girls in their Sunday outfits ran beside the horse-drawn carriages as Jutaro Komura of Japan and Sergei Witte of Russia doffed their top hats to the cheering crowds.
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