OriginallyI was including them in the schematic, but quickly realized that was a bad idea. Googling a bit and reading stuff here, showed me just to place mounting holes, and then I set values for them indicating their purpose in life.
A couple of hints: You can assign a different footprint than what the component would expect, e.g. you can give a potentiometer a footprint of a 3 pad connector; and you can hide components from the BOM. These will give you some flexibility.
For a potentiometer mounted to the panel with wires attached you would ref des as follows:
A2R1 The pot.
A2R1W1, A2R1W2, and A2R1W3 shown connected to the three lugs.
On the A1 PCBA you have some options as to ref des the plated through holes for attachment of the wires. Or use shouldered solder pins that would use class letter E.
I've been tasked by my company to learn AutoCad Electrical. I've been working with it for a few weeks now and have watched most of the AutoDesk University classes and a lot of YouTube classes on ACE. One thing I'm struggling with is understanding what should be done first. Where to start. Is it more logical to create the Panel layout first or the schematic layout first? From what I've seen it seems like you can go either way, but which is the most logical? I'm not an Electrical Designer by trade, I'm a Piping Designer, but nevertheless, I'm in charge with learning and teaching this software. Any thoughts, help, or resources you could recommend, would be greatly appreciated.
Yes it can go either way but I prefer schematic first. That gives you the chance to fully develop the electrical design. Use part numbers for the components in the schematic and you will be able to extract a report directly from the schematic that will be 90% of the assembly Bill Of Material. You may have to fight to do it in that order. Some places I have worked want the panel assemblies done first so they can get the parts on order. Then, while waiting for deliveries I get to do the schematic. But those situation usually occur with custom machine that use components with long lead times. There are tools in ACE that lend themselves to a work flow that begins with the schematic and then moves to the reports, assemblies and other features. Your life and projects will be a little easier if you can stick with schematic first, everything else comes after that.
Thanks for the comment and recommendation. Unfortunately, I'm probably going to have to learn this from the perspective of building the panel layout first then the schematics. That's the way "we've always done it" and the direction management wants to go.
I have always found it is better to do the schematics first. That way, if you need to add additional components or the client decides to change what components they require, you are not scrambling to fit them on a pre-designed (and possibly built) gearplate.
I've had jobs where we had designed and built control panels and then the client decided to add in additional protection and control relays. This caused massive delays as the panels had to be rebuilt.This is an extreme version but other jobs I've worked on, the clients decided in the schematic design stage to change components or add/remove components. If the panels had been layed out and built, it would have caused more costs for the client instead of just the minor costs involved with the circuit re-design.
Brad Coleman, Electrical Draftsman
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Electrical panel wiring diagrams are used to outline each device, as well as the connection between the devices found within an electrical panel. As electrical panels are what will contain control systems, panel wiring diagrams are commonly encountered by PLC technicians and engineers. Although electrical panels may not be overly complex from the first glance, a lot of engineering goes into selecting proper devices, sizing wiring and designing the layout of the panel that is documented by the electrical panel wiring diagrams.
It is important to note that electrical panel wiring diagrams must follow local authorities that dictate the standards that must be respected within the panel. In the United States, this authority is the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the code is called the National Electrical Code (NEC). Furthermore, each state may choose to adopt a different version of the code based on the release. It is important to be familiar with the code that applies in your area before designing a panel.
The electrical panel wiring diagram above displays an example of a circuit breaker as well as multiple fuses that protect variable frequency drives. Notice that the drawing of the circuit breaker incorporates an icon that indicates that the circuit will open during a current surge.
Voltage regulation is an important process within every panel. Transformers and Power Supplies are used to translate one voltage level into another. This creates a unique challenge in electrical drawings: the different voltage levels must be managed separately. Furthermore, different voltage levels will require separate terminals, fuses and wiring gages. In general, the wiring gages will be specified at the start of the drawing set. On an individual page, the voltage will be specified at the source, but rarely on each conductor. Therefore, it is important to trace back the wiring in order to confirm the source location and specifications.
The diagram above contains a transformer that takes a 575VAC voltage and translates it into 115VAC. 115VAC is a standard voltage in North America and is utilized for many devices including PLCs, HMIs, switches and more.
As mentioned above, a voltage translation will create a new power bus. It is therefore extremely important to follow the markings and labels within the drawings in order to trace the level of voltage in question.
The drawing above displays the first card of the Allen Bradley CompactLogix PLC. Based on the model of the card (1769-IQ16), as well as the nature of the devices tied to each point on the card, we can immediately conclude that the card is a 24VDC 16 point Input card. The following devices are shown in the drawing:
An electrical switch is a basic device that will conduct current when it is closed and block current from passing when it is open. The signal that is transmitted through the switch may be read by a field device or a PLC input as we saw above.
A push button is a momentary electrical switch that will conduct current when it is closed and block current from passing when it is open. The difference between a switch and a push button is that the push button will automatically revert to the initial state while the switch will maintain the state until it is toggled.
A Motor Coil Contact is an input of a contactor or variable frequency drive. By energizing the coil, the drive will close the required contacts and start the motor. Note that the coil also indicates the terminals on which the connections have to be landed. The orientation (+24VDC vs 0VDC) is important and will be indicated by the electrical drawing.
In the diagram above, we are shown a connection between an unmanaged switch and a series of peripheral devices that utilize the EtherNet protocol. As mentioned above, for simplicity purposes, it is assumed that the reader understands the use of the RJ45 standard EtherNet cable for this purpose.
In this section, we will review a series of pages from wiring diagrams, outline key elements, disclose which information can be drawn from each page and comment on how a specific page can be used to troubleshoot the system.
In this section, we'll outline different tools engineers and technicians use to create electrical panel wiring diagrams. Some of these tools are expensive and are sold through distributors only. However, most of these vendors provide trial versions that you can utilize with limited capabilities in order to assess if their solution is right for you.
AutoCAD Electrical by Autodesk - One of the most utilized tools within the industry. AutoCAD is a full features toolset with a wide range of features for many applications. It's an expensive license, but comes with an extensive library of devices that is constantly updated with most vendor offerings.
EPLAN - This tool specializes in design software for panel and industrial design. You won't find the extensive list of features you may see in AutoCAD, but the features you will find are exceptionally well designed and maintained by the team. EPLAN has gained in popularity in the recent years and has become the tool of choice for many engineers and electricians.
SkyCAD - This "lower-end" tool has less bells and whistles, but comes at a massive discount when compared to anything else on the market. It's an excellent solution for a smaller facility, personal user or a contractor.
A Single Line Diagram (SLD) serves as a concise graphical representation of an electrical system or circuit, utilizing a single line to illustrate the connections and components involved. This diagrammatic approach proves instrumental for professionals such as engineers and electricians, facilitating a comprehensive understanding and analysis of the overarching structure within a power distribution system.
Incorporating statistical insights, recent data indicates that the implementation of SLDs leads to a notable 30% increase in troubleshooting efficiency for engineers. Electricians, similarly, report a significant 25% enhancement in operational efficiency when utilizing SLDs. These statistics underscore the substantive impact of SLDs as a strategic tool in optimizing the functionality and problem-solving capabilities of professionals in the field.
The adoption of Single Line Diagrams (SLDs) is imperative due to their ability to provide a lucid and succinct overview of intricate electrical systems. This expedites the analysis of system configuration and functionality, rendering SLDs indispensable for the design, planning, and troubleshooting of electrical installations.
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