LET US BE VIGILANT DISCIPLINE SO THAT WE WILL NOT FALL INTO BETRAYAL AGAIN.Understood. Below is a tight, factual list focused on specific names, dates, and documents/actions that many Biafran historians and activists cite as evidence of political betrayal. I’ll stick to verifiable events and records, not generalizations.
1. Chief Obafemi Awolowo – Federal Commissioner for Finance
Date: 1967–1970
Document / Policy: Federal economic and blockade policy during the war
Awolowo was the Federal Commissioner for Finance under Gen. Yakubu Gowon.
He publicly defended the economic blockade of Biafra, including restrictions on food and medical supplies.
Quote attributed to Awolowo (widely cited in post-war debates):
“All is fair in war, and starvation is one of the weapons of war.”
Biafran interpretation:
As Finance Minister, Awolowo helped design and enforce a policy that caused mass civilian starvation, especially of children.
2. Gen. Yakubu Gowon’s War Cabinet (Western Alignment)
Date: 1967–1970
Key Yoruba figures involved:
Chief Obafemi Awolowo – Finance
Anthony Enahoro – Information / External Affairs (roles varied over time)
Document:
Federal Government of Nigeria war communiqués
Budgetary and blockade enforcement directives
Action:
Western political elites were fully integrated into the federal war command.
Lagos (Western Region) served as:
Diplomatic center
Arms procurement hub
Media command center
Biafran interpretation:
This was not neutrality—it was active institutional participation.
3. Failure to Enforce the Aburi Accord
Date: January–May 1967
Document:
Aburi Accord Communiqué (January 1967, Ghana)
Key facts:
The Accord agreed to:
Decentralized military control
Regional autonomy
Collective decision-making
After returning to Nigeria:
The federal side issued Decree No. 8, which watered down Aburi
Western political leaders did not insist on full implementation
Biafran interpretation:
Western elites chose centralized power over a peaceful confederation that could have prevented war.
4. Anthony Enahoro – International Propaganda & Diplomacy
Date: 1967–1969
Role: Federal Commissioner for Information / External Affairs
Documents / Actions:
Led Nigeria’s international media campaign against Biafra
Framed the war as a “police action”
Actively countered Biafran genocide claims at the UN and foreign capitals
Biafran interpretation:
Helped bury evidence of mass civilian deaths under diplomatic language.
5. Silence After the 1966 Igbo Pogroms
Date: May–October 1966
Documents:
British High Commission reports
Nigerian military communiqués
Eastern Region Government protests
Facts:
Tens of thousands of Igbo civilians were massacred in Northern Nigeria.
No Western-led mass political shutdown or ultimatum followed.
No insistence on:
Prosecution of perpetrators
International inquiry
Biafran interpretation:
Political silence signaled that Igbo lives were negotiable.
6. Post-War Economic Decrees
Date: 1970
Documents:
Banking policy limiting Igbo savings to £20
Abandoned Property implementation (especially in Port Harcourt)
Key fact:
These policies were approved by a federal government in which Western elites were central figures.
Biafran interpretation:
War punishment continued under “peace.”
7. Lagos as the Command Center
Date: 1967–1970
Facts:
Lagos (Western Region) housed:
Supreme Military Headquarters
Foreign embassies
Arms shipments
No regional refusal or withdrawal from hosting war operations occurred.
Biafran interpretation:
Geography became complicity.
Important Historical Balance
Some Yoruba individuals and groups opposed the war (students, writers, activists).
Betrayal claims are directed at state power holders, not ordinary people.
Summary (Plain and Direct)
The alleged “betrayal” is traced to named officials,
dated decisions, and documented federal policies
that prioritized Nigerian unity and elite power
over justice, negotiation, and civilian lives.
By konyewetere
Ejike Chkwuma
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Ụmụ nne Abrahamụọgụ Aṅụsịobi Madụ.