Hi Monroe
Time-division multiplexing is exactly the way to solve that particular
problem. However, the GPS will need a couple of minutes of
uninterrupted satellite location and characterisation at power-up.
After that, you might want to avoid interrupting it more frequently
than once per second. After training, GPS units use data stored during
the training period to reaquire the satellites after LoS very quickly,
but you'll need to experiment to find out just how quickly your unit
will do it.
I'm sure you know this already, but I'd feel daft not to mention it.
On the subject of operating in low temperatures with most commercial
devices only being specified down to -10 degC, its not as big a deal
as you might think. This lower limit refers to the startup temperature
of the device, ie there is more than 5% failure if startup is
attempted below this temperature.
All the while a device is running it generates its own heat which
means that once started it will run to much lower temperatures than
those specified.
However, the real reason is the definition of temperature at altitude.
You get lower temperatures at higher altitudes not so much because
there are low energy molecules coming into contact with you and making
off with your energy, but more because there is a lack of high energy
particles smashing into you and replacing the energy you lose from
radiation because the air density is lower. The real problem with
operating electronics in LEO, is actually cooling since all the energy
loss is only radiative (ie no convection). For this reason, all
devices are usually bonded to common heatsinks which transfer the heat
away to an external radiator. Then there is the problem of shielding
from the sun ...
Best
Pete