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L’"Utopia" di Thomas More rappresenta a pieno titolo il prototipo moderno della letteratura utopistica e visionaria. Suddiviso in due parti, il libro è incentrato sul dialogo di More con Raffaele Itlodeo (“il chiacchierone”). Questi, gran viaggiatore, esordisce con la descrizione a tinte vive dell’Inghilterra dell’epoca. Il fenomeno delle recinzioni, dell’espropriazione delle terre comuni a opera della nobiltà terriera, aveva condotto sul lastrico vaste componenti della società inglese, soprattutto i contadini. Da lì l’aumento vertiginoso della criminalità, dei reati e dei furti. Ma è nella seconda parte che Itlodeo espone la sua ricetta per ovviare al malgoverno appena descritto: la repubblica di Utopia, una società in cui è abolita la proprietà privata e dove l’uso dei beni è concesso solo in base ai bisogni. Abolendo la proprietà privata viene annullata la ragione prima del furto, dando vita pertanto a una società molto meno violenta. È altresì abolito l’uso del denaro, perché le cose sono soppesate solo in base al loro valore d’uso e non per il loro valore di scambio. In una nuova traduzione, il libro che ispira in modo decisivo tutta la letteratura utopistica della nostra modernità, da Campanella a Rousseau, da Cabanis a Fourier, da Owen a Marx.



Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More,[7][8] was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He also served Henry VIII as Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to May 1532.[9] He wrote Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA Utopia, published in 1516,[10] which describes the political system of an imaginary island state.


More opposed the Protestant Reformation, directing polemics against the theology of Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and William Tyndale. More also opposed Henry VIII's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as supreme Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA head of the Church of England and the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. After refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy, he was convicted of treason and executed. On his execution, he was reported to have said: "I die the King's good servant, and God's first".


Pope Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA Pius XI canonised More in 1935 as a martyr. Pope
John Paul II in 2000 declared him the patron saint of statesmen and politicians.[11][12] The Soviet Union in the early twentieth century honoured him for the purportedly communist attitude toward property rights in Utopia.[13][14][15]


 Catholicism portal


Born on Milk Street Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA in London, on 7 February 1478, Thomas More was the son of Sir John More,[16] a successful lawyer and later a judge[17], and his wife Agnes (née Graunger). He was the second of six children. More was educated at St Anthony's School, then considered one of London's best schools.[18][19] From Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA 1490 to 1492, More served John Morton, the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England, as a household page.[20]:xvi Morton enthusiastically supported the "New Learning" (scholarship which was later known as "humanism" or "London humanism"), and thought highly of the young More. Believing that More had great potential, Morton Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA nominated him for a place at the University of Oxford (either in St. Mary Hall or Canterbury College, both now
gone).[21]:38


More began his studies at Oxford in 1492, and received a classical education. Studying under Thomas Linacre and William Grocyn, he became proficient in both Latin and Greek. More Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA left Oxford after only two years—at his father's insistence—to begin legal training in London at New Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery.[20]:xvii[22] In 1496, More became a student at Lincoln's Inn, one of the Inns of Court, where he remained until 1502, when he was called to the Bar.[20]:xvii


Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA According to his friend, theologian Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, More once seriously contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a monk.[23][24] Between 1503 and 1504 More lived near the Carthusian monastery outside the walls of London and joined in the monks' spiritual exercises. Although he deeply admired their piety, More Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA ultimately decided to remain a layman, standing for election to Parliament in 1504 and marrying the following year.[20]:xxi


More continued ascetic practices for the rest of his life, such as
wearing a hair shirt next to his skin and occasionally engaging in flagellation.[20]:xxi A tradition of the Third Order of Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA Saint Francis honours More as a member of that Order on their calendar of saints.[25]


More married Jane Colt in 1505.[21]:118 Erasmus reported that More wanted to give his young wife a better education than she had previously received at home, and tutored her in music and literature.[21]:119 The couple Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA had four children before Jane died in 1511: Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely, and John.[21]:132


Going "against friends' advice and common custom," within thirty days More had married one of the many eligible women among his wide circle of friends.[26][27] He chose Alice Middleton, a widow, to head his household and care Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA for his small children.[28] The speed of the marriage was so unusual that More had to get a dispensation from the banns of marriage, which, due to his good public reputation, he easily obtained.[26]


More had no children from his
second marriage, although he raised Alice's daughter from her previous Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA marriage as his own. More also became the guardian of two young girls: Anne Cresacre would eventually marry his son, John More;[21]:146 and Margaret Giggs (later Clement) would be the only member of his family to witness his execution (she died on the 35th anniversary of that execution, and her Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA daughter married More's nephew William Rastell). An affectionate father, More wro


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