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L’"Utopia" di Thomas More rappresenta a pieno
titolo il prototipo moderno della letteratura utopistica e visionaria.
Suddiviso in due parti, il libro è incentrato sul dialogo di More con
Raffaele Itlodeo (“il chiacchierone”). Questi, gran viaggiatore,
esordisce con la descrizione a tinte vive dell’Inghilterra dell’epoca.
Il fenomeno delle recinzioni, dell’espropriazione delle terre comuni a
opera della nobiltà terriera, aveva condotto sul lastrico vaste
componenti della società inglese, soprattutto i contadini. Da lì
l’aumento vertiginoso della criminalità, dei reati e dei furti. Ma è
nella seconda parte che Itlodeo espone la sua ricetta per ovviare al
malgoverno appena descritto: la repubblica di Utopia, una società in cui
è abolita la proprietà privata e dove l’uso dei beni è concesso solo in
base ai bisogni. Abolendo la proprietà privata viene annullata la
ragione prima del furto, dando vita pertanto a una società molto meno
violenta. È altresì abolito l’uso del denaro, perché le cose sono
soppesate solo in base al loro valore d’uso e non per il loro valore di
scambio. In una nuova traduzione, il libro che ispira in modo decisivo
tutta la letteratura utopistica della nostra modernità, da Campanella a
Rousseau, da Cabanis a Fourier, da Owen a Marx.
Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated
in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More,[7][8] was an English
lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance
humanist. He also served Henry VIII as Lord High Chancellor of England
from October 1529 to May 1532.[9] He wrote Download Utopia Pdf Gratis
ITA Utopia, published in 1516,[10] which describes the political system
of an imaginary island state.
More opposed the Protestant Reformation, directing polemics
against the theology of Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin
and William Tyndale. More also opposed Henry VIII's separation from the
Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as supreme Download
Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA head of the Church of England and the annulment of
his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. After refusing to take the Oath of
Supremacy, he was convicted of treason and executed. On his execution,
he was reported to have said: "I die the King's good servant, and God's
first".
Pope Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA Pius XI canonised More in 1935 as a martyr. Pope
John Paul II in 2000 declared him the patron saint of statesmen and
politicians.[11][12] The Soviet Union in the early twentieth century
honoured him for the purportedly communist attitude toward property
rights in Utopia.[13][14][15]
Catholicism portal
Born on Milk Street Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA in
London, on 7 February 1478, Thomas More was the son of Sir John
More,[16] a successful lawyer and later a judge[17], and his wife Agnes
(née Graunger). He was the second of six children. More was educated at
St Anthony's School, then considered one of London's best
schools.[18][19] From Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA 1490 to 1492, More
served John Morton, the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of
England, as a household page.[20]:xvi Morton enthusiastically supported
the "New Learning" (scholarship which was later known as "humanism" or
"London humanism"), and thought highly of the young More. Believing that
More had great potential, Morton Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA
nominated him for a place at the University of Oxford (either in St.
Mary Hall or Canterbury College, both now
gone).[21]:38
More began his studies at Oxford in 1492, and received a
classical education. Studying under Thomas Linacre and William Grocyn,
he became proficient in both Latin and Greek. More Download Utopia Pdf
Gratis ITA left Oxford after only two years—at his father's
insistence—to begin legal training in London at New Inn, one of the Inns
of Chancery.[20]:xvii[22] In 1496, More became a student at Lincoln's
Inn, one of the Inns of Court, where he remained until 1502, when he was
called to the Bar.[20]:xvii
Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA According to his friend,
theologian Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, More once seriously
contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a monk.[23][24]
Between 1503 and 1504 More lived near the Carthusian monastery outside
the walls of London and joined in the monks' spiritual exercises.
Although he deeply admired their piety, More Download Utopia Pdf Gratis
ITA ultimately decided to remain a layman, standing for election to
Parliament in 1504 and marrying the following year.[20]:xxi
More continued ascetic practices for the rest of his life, such as
wearing a hair shirt next to his skin and occasionally engaging in
flagellation.[20]:xxi A tradition of the Third Order of Download Utopia
Pdf Gratis ITA Saint Francis honours More as a member of that Order on
their calendar of saints.[25]
More married Jane Colt in 1505.[21]:118 Erasmus reported
that More wanted to give his young wife a better education than she had
previously received at home, and tutored her in music and
literature.[21]:119 The couple Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA had four
children before Jane died in 1511: Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely, and
John.[21]:132
Going "against friends' advice and common custom," within
thirty days More had married one of the many eligible women among his
wide circle of friends.[26][27] He chose Alice Middleton, a widow, to
head his household and care Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA for his
small children.[28] The speed of the marriage was so unusual that More
had to get a dispensation from the banns of marriage, which, due to his
good public reputation, he easily obtained.[26]
More had no children from his
second marriage, although
he raised Alice's daughter from her previous Download Utopia Pdf
Gratis ITA marriage as his own. More also became the guardian of two
young girls: Anne Cresacre would eventually marry his son, John
More;[21]:146 and Margaret Giggs (later Clement) would be the only
member of his family to witness his execution (she died on the 35th
anniversary of that execution, and her Download Utopia Pdf Gratis ITA
daughter married More's nephew William Rastell). An affectionate father,
More wro
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