Good topic, Tomer, and some useful replies already.
From my point of view:
1) On my desktop - I flick between my Outlook calendar (which has a non-editable view of my personal Google calendar) and MLO windows, or place the two windows side-by-side. When doing that, I have a view set up to display tasks in due date order, grouped by date. You can always sync tasks to Outlook but I've never tried it, firstly because you have to edit the Registry to get that feature back in Outlook 2010 and above, secondly because it sounds like a recipe for complication.
On my iPhone or iPad - As Dwight said, we get an events view which shows tasks and calendar events for the selected day, along with a timeline/graph showing the number of events on each day. That's very useful for spotting days with potential overload, so I can reschedule tasks. It's coming to Android users.
2) I do collate some reference information in MLO (which is why the file is too sensitive to host on the MLO web server and sync over the Internet). I copy and paste text notes into folder items under each project. I also copy in links to documents on my hard drive or on the Internet <encasing the file path in angle brackets so even a link with spaces is recognised>. This works well for me - To answer most questions, I just have to flick open the project on MLO on my phone.
I can see there's a benefit to using Evernote, with all it's formatting and clipping options. I'm looking into setting up OneNote notebooks for work projects and then linking into them. I haven't worked out how to do that yet, but it's not a major issue for my productivity and access to my documents.
I'm probably not very representative of users, though - I'm in the minority when it comes to wanting to keep MLO light and easily sync-able between devices, rather than introducing RTF into my notes. I'm happy to use formatting codes in my text such as _____________ to separate sections of a note, then *bold* and _underline_ for titles or keywords. I use various hashtag codes too.
Stéphane