✭An Atlas of Animal Anatomy for Artists
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John Clifton "Jack" Bogle (May 8, 1929 –
January 16, 2019) was an American investor, business magnate, and
philanthropist. He was the founder and chief executive of The Vanguard
Group, and is credited with creating the first index fund. An avid
investor and money manager himself, he preached investment over
speculation, An Atlas of Animal Anatomy for Artists long term patience
over short term action and reducing broker fees as much as possible. The
ideal investment vehicle for Bogle was a low cost index fund held over a
period of a lifetime with the reinvestment of dividends and dollar cost
averaging.
His 1999 book Common Sense on Mutual An Atlas of Animal
Anatomy for Artists Funds: New Imperatives for the Intelligent Investor
became a bestseller and is considered a classic within the investment
community.[2][3]
John Bogle was born on May 8, 1929, in Montclair, New Jersey[4] to William Yates Bogle, Jr. and Josephine Lorraine Hipkins.[5]
His family was affected by the Great Depression. They lost
An Atlas of Animal Anatomy for Artists their money and had to sell their
home, with his
father falling into alcoholism which resulted in his parents' divorce.[6]
Bogle and his twin, David, attended Manasquan High School
near the New Jersey shore for a time. Their academic record there
enabled them to transfer to Blair Academy on work An Atlas of Animal
Anatomy for Artists scholarships.[7] At Blair, Bogle showed a particular
aptitude for mathematics, with numbers and computations fascinating
him. In 1947, Bogle graduated from Blair Academy cum laude and was
accepted at Princeton University, where he studied economics and
investment. During his university years, Bogle studied the mutual fund
industry. Bogle spent his An Atlas of Animal Anatomy for Artists junior
and senior years working on his thesis "The Economic Role of the
Investment Company".[8]
Bogle graduated magna cum laude from Princeton in 1951 and
was soon hired by Walter L. Morgan, reportedly as a result of Morgan
reading his 130-page thesis paper.[9]
After graduating from Princeton, Bogle narrowed his An
Atlas of Animal Anatomy for Artists career options to banking and
investments. He was hired at Wellington Fund and promoted to an
assistant manager position in
1955, where he obtained a broader
access to analyze the company and the investment department. Bogle
demonstrated initiative and creativity by challenging the Wellington
management to change its strategy of An Atlas of Animal Anatomy for
Artists concentration on a single fund, and did his best to make his
point in creating a new fund. Eventually, he succeeded, and the new fund
became a turning point in his career. After successfully climbing
through the ranks, in 1970 he replaced Morgan as chairman of
Wellington,[citation needed] but was An Atlas of Animal Anatomy for
Artists later fired for an "extremely unwise" merger that he approved.
It was a poor decision that he considers his biggest mistake, stating,
"The great thing about that mistake, which was shameful and inexcusable
and a reflection of immaturity and confidence beyond what the facts
justified, was that I learned a An Atlas of Animal Anatomy for Artists
lot."[10]
In 1974, Bogle founded the Vanguard Company which is now
one of the most respected and successful companies in the investment
world. In 1999, Fortune magazine named Bogle as
"one of the four investment giants of the twentieth century".[11]
In 1976, influenced by the works of Paul Samuelson, Bogle
An Atlas of Animal Anatomy for Artists founded First Index Investment
Trust (a precursor to the Vanguard 500 Index Fund) as the first index
mutual fund available to the general public. In a 2005 speech, Samuelson
ranked "this Bogle invention along with the invention of the wheel, the
alphabet, Gutenberg printing".[12]
Bogle had heart problems in the An Atlas of Animal Anatomy
for Artists 1990s and, in 1996, he relinquished his role as Vanguard CEO
to John J. Brennan, his handpicked successor and second-in-command whom
he had hired in 1982. Bogle, who was then 66 and "considered past the
age for a healthy heart transplant", had a successful heart transplant
in 1996.[13]
His subsequent An Atlas of Animal Anatomy for Artists
return to Vanguard with the title of senior chairman led to conflict
between Bogle and Brennan. Bogle left the company in 1999 and moved to
Bogle Financial Markets Research Center, a small research institute not
directly connected to Vanguard but
on
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