Comsol Multiphysics 4.3a With Crack Torrent 17
Sofia Gilcrease
To improve drug delivery efficiency in cancer therapy, many researchers have recently concentrated on drug delivery systems that use anticancer drug loaded micro- or nanoparticles. In addition, induction methods, such as ultrasound, magnetic field, and infrared light, have been considered as active induction methods for drug delivery. Among these, focused ultrasound has been regarded as a promising candidate for the active induction method of drug delivery system because it can penetrate a deep site in soft tissue, and its energy can be focused on the targeted lesion. In this research, we employed focused ultrasound as an active induction method. For an anticancer drug loaded microparticles, we fabricated poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid docetaxel (PLGA-DTX) nanoparticle encapsulated alginate microbeads using the single-emulsion technique and the aeration method. To select the appropriate operating parameter for the focused ultrasound, we measured the pressure and temperature induced by the focused ultrasound at the focal area using a needle-type hydrophone and a digital thermal detector, respectively. Additionally, we conducted a simulation of focused ultrasound using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3a. The experimental measurement results were compared with the simulation results. In addition, the drug release rates of the PLGA-DTX-encapsulated alginate microbeads induced by the focused ultrasound were tested. Through these experiments, we determined that the appropriate focused ultrasound parameter was peak pressure of 1 MPa, 10 cycle/burst, and burst period of 20 μSec. Finally, we performed the cell cytotoxicity and drug uptake test with focused ultrasound induction and found that the antitumor effect and drug uptake efficiency were significantly enhanced by the focused ultrasound induction. Thus, we confirmed that focused ultrasound can be an effective induction method for an anticancer drug delivery system.
In this project we introduce the sintering process, which involves two basic phenomena, pore shrinkage and grain growth, occurring simultaneously. The objective of this project is to quantitatively describe the sintering process incorporating the kinetics of pore shrinkage and grain growth. First we build a model for pore shrinkage separately. An important use of the results from pore shrinkage model is to estimate the relative density of the sintering material. Here we show an example with feedstock KA-13 in Ludwigshafen. The estimated result is reasonable, but not as good as expected, which means that lots of work are needed to be done in the future, such as more accurate measurements, adjustment of the model parameters and so on. Using the same population balance equation as that used in the pore shrinkage model, we introduce the grain growth model, which only has different velocity model from that of pore shrinkage. Since during the intermediate stage of sintering, the kinetics of grain growth depends on the rate of pore shrinkage, we can further model the grain growth rate coupled with pore shrinkage through porosity or relative density, which depends on the solution of the pore shrinkage model. Here we solve the PDEs using finite element method with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3a (which is a software based on finite element method), and compare the results with analytical solution, solution generated using finite different method in Matlab. Initial values and parameters in the model are discussed as well. In the end we give an simple example with temperature cycle in the real system.
The changes from the recently released version 4.3 were quite significant. So, the COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3a package for the first time presents new modules for analyzing fatigue changes in materials, for importing ECAD files, as well as the LiveLink module for exchanging data with the Solid Edge CAD system. In addition, all 30-plus specialized application superstructures COMSOL for modeling mechanical, electrical, hydrodynamic and chemical phenomena have been updated.
In version 4.3a, the developers themselves pay special attention to the LiveLink module for starting and analyzing COMSOL Multiphysics experiments directly in the Excel package environment. The LiveLink module for Excel actually adds the COMSOL tab to the tape interface of modern versions of the Excel spreadsheet. In this tab, users can monitor the operation of the COMSOL model. In particular, you can view and adjust parameters and variables used in the COMSOL Multiphysics model directly from Excel, and you can synchronize all changes made through Excel with the COMSOL model at any time.