Hi, Helber.
You're correct in that MPAS only requires data at the initial time, since we have no lateral boundaries. The only data source that you may want to provide at other times in your simulation would be SST and sea ice data: for longer simulations, MPAS has the option of updating the SST and sea ice fields from a surface update file (created by initialization case 8), since these fields would otherwise not change in the simulation.
Your namelist.input.init_atmosphere_static file looks fine, and I can offer a few suggestions for the other namelists.
In the case that you only want to provide an alternate SST field (other than what comes with the GFS) at the initial time, you don't need to run initialization case 8, which is used to produce a surface update file to update the SST and sea ice fields periodically during the model simulation. You can then get rid of the namelist.input.init_atmosphere_surface namelist, and instead introduce the RTG SST data into your initial conditions by setting "config_sfc_prefix = 'SST'" and "config_input_sst = .true." in your namelist.input.init_atmosphere_vertical file.
Since the GFS dataset only has 26 pressure levels, plus a surface level, you'll need to change config_nfglevels in your namelist.input.init_atmosphere_vertical to 27. Also, I believe that the GFS data are only provided up to 10 hPa, which may at certain times and locations be lower in height than your specified model top of 30 km; so, it might be safer with GFS (or other datasets that don't provide data significantly above 30 km) to lower your model top to, say, 29 km.
In your namelist.input.atmosphere, it's important to note that any namelist options that aren't explicitly set will take on their default values from src/core_atmosphere/Registry.xml; some of these variables must be set based on the model resolution, so you'll likely not want the default values, which are generally set for a global 120-km mesh. For the mesh with 655362 cells -- approximately a global 30-km grid -- I'd recommend adding config_len_disp = 30000.0 and config_visc4_2dsmag = 0.05 to the namelist. It might also be a good idea to turn on the w-damping layer by adding config_zd = 22000.0 and config_xnutr = 0.2.
Hopefully these changes will help in getting an initial simulation to run. If you have other questions, please don't hesitate to ask.
Regards,
Michael