Hi Valerian,
You need to make sure that your robot description is on the ROS param server - ideally this should be part of your setup for bringing up the robot. Alternatively, you can get planning_context to do this for you. Change the lines in move_group.launch for planning context to match the following:
<include file="$(find moveit_cobra)/launch/planning_context.launch">
<arg name="load_robot_description" value="true" />
</include>
That should get your errors fixed.
Sorry, I don't have experience with the arduino - you might look on ROS answers (
answers.ros.org) for more information.