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Theprotests turned into a massive movement after Hasina allegedly labeled protesters "razakar" -- a term that refers to traitors who fought for Pakistani forces during the war of independence in 1971.

"Tui ke? Ami ke? Razakar, razakar! Ke boleche, ke boleche, sairachar- sairachar." The slogan that translates to 'Who are you? Who am I? Razakar, Razakar! Who says that, who says that, dictator, dictator!' echoed on the streets of Dhaka as students from several colleges flooded them to protest against job quotas. Bangladesh is in the grips of a massive students' protest, which has prompted countries, including India, to issue travel advisories.

The agitation against civil service quotas for descendants of freedom fighters intensified and turned violent, resulting in at least six deaths. Schools and colleges have been shut down, and mobile internet and transportation services were suspended as students clashed with security personnel across major cities.

While there had been debates and protests in Bangladesh centred around a quota system in its civil services where 30% of the seats had been reserved for children of freedom fighters or the mukti joddaa, before 2018, a statement by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina with a Razakar reference acted as additional fuel for the agitation fire.

"Are the children and grandchildren of freedom fighters not talented? Are only the children and grandchildren of Razakars [collaborators with Pakistan in 1971] talented? Why do they have so much resentment towards freedom fighters? If the grandchildren of the freedom fighters don't get quota benefits, should the grandchildren of Razakars get the benefit?," said Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina a few days ago.

While Hasina's remark, which stirred memories from the 1971 Liberation War, also fuelled protesters who called the statement "disparaging". They alleged preferential treatment for the descendants of freedom fighters at the expense of merit.Students advocating for quota reform in public service held a mock funeral at Dhaka University in memory of those who died during clashes, in Dhaka, Bangladesh. (AP Photo/Rajib Dhar)

However, Hasina's statement was not the lone Razakar reference. Following the Prime Minister, her party members fanned the anguish among the protesting students by making similar statements, according to Dhaka-based newspaper The Daily Star.

As in numerous protests and movements around the world, the one in Bangladesh over quotas for the descendants of freedom fighters, too, started as an apolitical one. While the friends of the ruling dispensation claim the protests not to be an organic reaction of students, it has not been devoid of political colours.

While the Sheikh Hasina-led ruling party Awami League and its student wing, the Bangladesh Chhatra League, actively tried to repress the movement, the opposition parties, including the Khaleda Zia-led Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and its student wing publicly sided with the protesting students, according to Mubashar Hasan, a Bangladesh expert and post-doctoral researcher at University of Oslo, Norway.

"The protests have been largely peaceful but the ruling party student wing with the support of other ruling party wings and police came down heavily on the protestors," Mubashar Hasan tells IndiaToday.In.

Hasina, who won the Bangladesh general polls earlier this year, experts hint that she has been ruling with an iron fist. The January election was boycotted by the BNP. It is possible that the protests aren't just about job quotas, and an expression of frustration over the Hasina-led Awami League government. Hasina has become the Prime Minister for the fourth consecutive term amid allegations of massive electoral rigging.

"Hasina's government was thriving in disseminating fear in society. Now, it seems that fear has gone away, and as a result it is plausible to argue that there is growing and explicit criticism of Hasina's leadership and, by publicly calling her dictator through slogans, it is evident that students are questioning her election engineering too," Mubashar Hasan tells India Today.In.

To paint all the protesting students as Razakar was clearly not taken kindly, and in turn, ignited the slogan, "Tui ke? Ami ke? Razakar, Razakar! Ke boleche, ke boleche, sairachar- sairachar". A clear attack on Hasina and her name-calling.ROLE OF RAZAKAR IN 1971 LIBERATION WAR OF BANGLADESH

During the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, the Razakars, a locally recruited paramilitary force by General Tikka Khan, who is infamous as 'The Butcher of Bengal'. The Razakars betrayed the Bengalis fighting for their independence by collaborating with the Pakistani army and committing brutal atrocities. Composed of mostly pro-Pakistani Bengalis and Biharis, they assisted the Pakistani military in raids, mass rapes and killings, and torture and arson.

The Razakars, along with other radical religious militias like Al-Badr and Al-Shams, became the face of brutal action, and targeted civilians, students, intellectuals, and religious minorities, who raised their voices against the Pakistani occupation and exploitation of Bangladesh.

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's Razakar remark, endorsed by party leaders, touched a raw nerve and added fuel to the quota agitation fire. In a country where most issues have a 1971 link, Razakar is that part of history not many want to be associated with. And after 50 years, the Razakars are back to haunt Bangladesh.Published By: Sushim MukulPublished On: Jul 18, 2024

DHAKA, July 15, 2024 (BSS) - Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina today termed the slogan, "Who are you? Who am I? Razakar. Razakar." chanted by the anti-quota protesters in the government jobs as "very regrettable" saying, "They don't feel ashamed to call themselves Razakars."

"They didn't know how the Pakistani occupation forces and Razakar Bahini had resorted to torture in the country---they didn't see the inhuman torture and bodies lying on the roads. So, they don't feel ashamed to call themselves Razakar," she said.

She continued: "Our only target is to establish the spirit of the Liberation War. Lakhs of martyrs shed blood as lakhs of our mothers and sisters were violated. We won't forget their contribution. We have to keep it in mind."

The prime minister said her government had taken legal action against the war criminals who were involved in mass killing, looting, violation of women, forming Razakar Bahini and Peace Committee and giving the Bahinis firearms.

The premier said it was the most unfortunate to hear the slogan from the girls that they are Razakars despite the fact that the women were badly violated by the Razakars during the War of Liberation in 1971.

Sheikh Hasina said, "I felt sorry when I heard yesterday the students of Ruqayyah Hall calling themselves razakars. Do they know what had taken place there on March 25, 1971? Some 300 girls were killed and 40 girls were raped and taken to the Pakistani camps."

At the same function, the APA Award for FY 2022-23 and Integrity Award for FY 2023-24 were distributed among the government offices for excellent performance in APA implementation and rendering services respectively.

The government introduced the result-oriented APA method in the public administration in the 2014-2015 fiscal to enhance institutional efficiency and ensure transparency, accountability and optimum utilization of the resources.

Razakar a paramilitary force formed at Pakistan government initiative to assist it and to resist the freedom fighters during the war of liberation in 1971. Razakar is a Persian term meaning 'volunteers'. At the time of partition of India in 1947, Nizam of Hydrabad, having been unwilling to the annexation of his kingdom to India, formed a volunteer corps named 'Razakar' for resisting the entry of the Indian army into his kingdom.

During the liberation war in 1971 Razakar force was formed by Pakistan government in the model of the Razakar of Hydrabad. It was constituted in the month of May with an enrolment of 96 loyalist activists in the Ansar camp at Khan Jahan Ali Road in Khulna. This force was subsequently formed in different parts of East Pakistan.

At the initial stage, the razakars were subordinate to the local peace committees. By the promulgation of East Pakistan Razakar Ordinance on 1 June 1971, General tikka khan converted the Ansars into Razakars who were recognised as the members of the Pakistan army through an ordinance of the Ministry of Defence promulgated on 7 September.

The tenure of the primary training of the Razakars was 15 days. The training of the first batch of Rajakar force was completed on 14 July 1971 at Kustia. General ameer abdullah khan niazi, chief of the eastern command of the Pakistan army, took salute at the closing parade at Savar on 27 November 1971 on completion of the training of the first batch of the company commanders of Razakar force. Subsequently, the Razakar force was elevated to the status of a separate directorate. The Razakar force disintegrated with the surrender of the Pakistan army on 16 December 1971. [Muntassir Mamoon]

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