From what I've found it was previously JavaScript Shell based upon SpiderMonkey (which supports JS 1.8.5). But from this ticket
https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-2407 it was switched to V8,the one from google. And V8 supports only ECMAScript v5 (
http://code.google.com/p/v8/).
I'm not sure about supporting JS 1.8+, but I highly doubt that you can easily get it supported. One way would be to change the JS interpreter, which will not happen again (soon). Or maybe V8 itself gets JS 1.8 support then mongodb would only need to use this new version.
As I'm no dev that's still something like speculation and the last word lays at 10gen. Do you really need those new features, or is it just for convience?
Something you shouldn't really do is to throw { & } away just for lazyness thats evil for all kind of switch statements (if, else) and isn't better for functions, you can do this: f = function(x) { return x*x} which will work, and should be what you want.