Hi Russell,
As you know MongoDB is a Document database, and usually there is no direct 1-1 mapping between SQL tables and MongoDB collection. Since relational databases and document databases such as MongoDB have different approaches to the same problem. It will be good to review Database Modeling in the MongoDB manual.
You are right in asking how things in SQL world are related to MongoDB terminology. Following links from MongoDB manual are good starting points :
You might as well want to review Use Cases in the MongoDB manual, similar to yours.
Regards,
Nishant