Morality has been at the center of informal talks and metaphysical discussions since the beginning of history. Recently, converging lines of evidence from evolutionary biology, neuroscience and experimental psychology have shown that morality is grounded in the brain. This article reviews the main lines of investigation indicating that moral behavior is a product of evolutionary pressures that shaped the neurobehavioral processes related to the selective perception of social cues, the experience of moral emotions and the adaptation of behavioral responses to the social milieu. These processes draw upon specific cortical-subcortical loops that organize social cognition, emotion and motivation into uniquely human forms of experience and behavior. We put forth a model of brain-behavior relationships underlying moral reasoning and emotion that accommodates the impairments of moral behavior observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. This model provides a framework for empirical testing with current methods of neurobehavioral analysis.
The present study describes the development of a short, general measure of experiential avoidance, based on a specific theoretical approach to this process. A theoretically driven iterative exploratory analysis using structural equation modeling on data from a clinical sample yielded a single factor comprising 9 items. A fully confirmatory factor analysis upheld this same 9-item factor in an independent clinical sample. The operational characteristics of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) were then examined in 8 additional samples. All totaled, over 2,400 participants were studied. As expected, higher levels of experiential avoidance were associated with higher levels of general psychopathology, depression, anxiety, a variety of specific fears, trauma, and a lower quality of life. The AAQ related to more specific measures of avoidant coping and to self-deceptive positivity, but the relation to psychopathology could not be fully accounted for by these alternative measures. The data provide some initial support for the model of experiential avoidance based on Relational Frame Theory that is incorporated into Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and provides researchers with a preliminary measure for use in population-based studies on experiential avoidance.
Hybrid work is a flexible approach that combines working in an office environment and working from home. Hybrid work varies in flexibility and supports a variety of different work schedules. It allows employees to choose how and where they work, and offers autonomy to employees to design their working week in a way that works both for them and with company policies. Organizations who use a hybrid work model can offer a better work-life balance to their employees. This in turn drives productivity and employee engagement at work, and helps businesses operate more efficiently as a result.
Looking to broaden your talent pool? In a hybrid work model, your company can hire talent from all around the globe. Having access to a wider talent pool means you can hire people with specialized skills. This can give your organization a competitive edge, help you move into new markets, and ensure around-the-clock productivity.
In a hybrid work model, fewer people can be onsite at any given time. For some companies, this may mean downsizing on their real estate. In the very least, hybrid working will help you figure out how much office space you need to support your employees. Rethinking your workplace strategy can help you lower real estate costs by 30%. This allows you to reinvest those cost savings elsewhere, like providing more work options for employees in the form of satellite offices and smaller co-working spaces.
Hybrid work models might not work for every industry. Some organizations have chosen to be fully remote, while others must be onsite in order to function, like nursing, teaching, or manufacturing. Because of this, employees are choosing different industries based on the levels of flexibility on offer. According to our 2022 Workplace Trends Report, the materials, utilities, and telecom services industries had the least amount of onsite traffic growth since January 2021.
To build a hybrid model that works for your company, start by speaking with your workforce to learn their needs. Hybrid work must work for everyone, so asking employees and executives will offer valuable and different perspectives. Be sure to ask questions about the working setup each group would thrive in most, as well as how they use the office currently. By asking a range of people, you can create a work model that gets folks ready to embrace change and keeps them motivated to do their best work. Here are some questions to include in your survey.
At its best, hybrid work will bridge the remote and onsite environments so employees can work together with ease. Investing in technology in the workplace, such as remote communication tools and video conferencing equipment, will help enable this. Decide whether you need new tools or if you can leverage existing ones in new ways.Establish company-wide communication best practices and encourage team leads to set clear expectations with their employees. For example, you may adopt an asynchronous style of communication to accommodate employees working in different time zones.Create office schedules to manage workplace traffic and provide employees with flexibility. There are a number of ways to approach this. For example, your hybrid work model may consist of a hybrid at-will policy where employees choose which day(s) they come into the office. Or, you might choose a hybrid manager-scheduling policy where managers control schedules and select which day(s) their folks come into the office.
At Ogilvy, we've been saying for a long time that the way we work must evolve to foster collaboration and fluid creative processes, that creativity needs different spaces to thrive. Lockdown has afforded us the opportunity to build a new office based on flexible, hybrid working, which we need to harness for the good of our businesses and our work. It has given us the opportunity to totally transform how we create, communicate and collaborate.
As a big agency with big ambitions coming out of lockdown. We have had to find a way to make sure that our staff and our spaces are still collaborative yet considerate of flexible working styles and staff safety.
Over the past six months we've made major strides towards working in a more flexible way. We've proved that we can work successfully without being in the office, and this is a principle that we will absolutely protect going forward. I for one will not be coming into the office if I have a day of back-to-back Zoom calls, and I don't expect my colleagues to do so either.
However, the office will always be an important part of our working lives, uniting us, helping us to collaborate, foster our relationships and have fun. It's the magic of being together that simply cannot be replicated on a video call.
Employees choose their location and working hours based on their priorities for the day. For example, if they need to spend time focusing on a project, they can choose to work from home or in a coffee shop. If they want a sense of community, need to meet with their team, attend a training session or join a town hall, they can choose to go into the office. Cisco is leveraging this model and offering its employees the option to choose where they work on any given day.
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