Effects
of non-ionizing electromagnetic
fields on flora and fauna, Part
2 Impacts:
how
species interact with natural and
man-made EMF
B Blake Levitt, Henry C Lai, Albert M
Manville. Effects of non-ionizing
electromagnetic fields on flora and
fauna, Part 2 impacts: how species
interact with natural and man-made EMF.
Rev Environ Health. 2021 Jul 8.
doi:10.1515/reveh-2021-0050.
Abstract
Ambient levels of nonionizing
electromagnetic fields (EMF) have risen
sharply in the last five decades to
become a ubiquitous, continuous,
biologically active environmental
pollutant, even in rural and remote
areas. Many species of flora and fauna,
because of unique physiologies and
habitats, are sensitive to exogenous EMF
in ways that surpass human reactivity.
This can lead to complex endogenous
reactions that are highly variable,
largely unseen, and a possible
contributing factor in species
extinctions, sometimes localized.
Non-human magnetoreception mechanisms
are explored. Numerous studies across
all frequencies and taxa indicate that
current low-level anthropogenic EMF can
have myriad adverse and synergistic
effects, including on orientation and
migration, food finding, reproduction,
mating, nest and den building,
territorial maintenance and defense, and
on vitality, longevity and survivorship
itself. Effects have been observed in
mammals such as bats, cervids,
cetaceans, and pinnipeds among others,
and on birds, insects, amphibians,
reptiles, microbes and many species of
flora. Cyto- and geno-toxic effects have
long been observed in laboratory
research on animal models that can be
extrapolated to wildlife. Unusual
multi-system mechanisms can come into
play with non-human species - including
in aquatic environments - that rely on
the Earth's natural geomagnetic fields
for critical life-sustaining
information. Part 2 of this 3-part
series includes four online supplement
tables of effects seen in animals from
both ELF and RFR at vanishingly low
intensities. Taken as a whole, this
indicates enough information to raise
concerns about ambient exposures to
nonionizing radiation at ecosystem
levels. Wildlife loss is often unseen
and undocumented until tipping points
are reached. It is time to recognize
ambient EMF as a novel form of pollution
and develop rules at regulatory agencies
that designate air as 'habitat' so EMF
can be regulated like other pollutants.
Long-term chronic low-level EMF exposure
standards, which do not now exist,
should be set accordingly for wildlife,
and environmental laws should be
strictly enforced - a subject explored
in Part 3.
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