Dragon Age 2 No Activation Crackl
Líbera Oehlenschlage
Base Ingredients:
Bee Pollen Powder - serves as a natural appetite stimulant, enticing them to eat. It also offers immune system-boosting properties along with a plethora of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, ensuring well-rounded nutrition.
Dandelion Leaves - a dietary staple for reptiles, contribute to enhanced liver, bone, joint, and kidney functions. They support cardiovascular health, aid in blood sugar regulation, reduce fat accumulation, and promote urinary system functionality. Bursting with vitamins A, B, C, and D, beta carotene, calcium, riboflavin, thiamin, zinc, iron, magnesium, and potassium, they offer a diverse array of nutrients.
Spirulina - a potent immune system-boosting powder abundant in beta carotene and B vitamins. Known to safeguard major organs like the heart, liver, kidneys, and reproductive system. Spirulina is also a source of plant based protein, which can be beneficial for dragons who need to lose weight, or have liver or kidney health concerns.
Benebac - a reptile specific probiotic. Stimulates appetite by promoting healthy gut microflora. Extremely helpful for reptiles with stomach problems, or are on (or recovering from) any sort of antibiotic treatment.
Blueberry - rich in vitamins, minerals, and contains the antioxidant anthocyanin. Has immune boosting properties, supports cardiovascular and bone health, also has been known to boost energy levels.
Raspberry - rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and flavonoids. Raspberry powder helps to support healthy glucose levels, aids in digestion, helps liver function, and fortifies joints. Plus that slightly sweet flavor will keep your pets coming back!
As this is a food based item, no returns will be given once the product is received. Issues regarding shipping and delivery will be refunded/reshipped. Please fill out the contact form if this happens!
I was thinking today about the bismuth/ lead oxide crackle formulas. And what makes those metal oxides work and others not work. Copper Oxide + MgAl is known to crackle/ explode, if prepared correctly, it works quite well. It isn't quite as loud as the formula containing bismuth/ lead, and it is hard to light. I couldn't find any consensus online about what the actual reaction occurring in crackle is, clearly it is a thermite reaction between CuO and MgAl, but does the bismuth also undergo a thermite reaction as well? Some formulas contain no CuO and work, but these mixtures are expensive. I think there must be multiple reactions taking place.
Lead and bismuth oxides and subcarbonates are used as "fluxes" in pottery and melt at low temps to create a small amount of liquid which can then go on to dissolve other higher melting point compounds, lowering the observed melting point of the mixture. Is it possible this liquifying behavior is also occurring in crackle? The bulk Bi/ Pb compounds melt yielding a slag, which the MgAl and CuO mix into. The melting of the oxides would keep the temperature low, even as the MgAl is "burning" and being oxidized. Once the melting is complete, the reaction runs away, the temp rapidly increases, and the mixture explodes. The intimate mixing of the compounds yields a more rapid reaction than with CuO and MgAl alone.
This does not fully explain why the particle size of the MgAl affects the delay though. Assuming this is correct, I would theorize that the MgAl oxidation creates the heat that drives the reaction forward melting the Bi/ Pb, smaller particles burn faster and melt the mixture more rapidly. I am making the following predictions based on this theory which I'd like some input on.
My personal experience with crackling micro-stars (the dragon egg effect) go back over thirty years ago. I just reviewed Clive Jennings-White's article in Pyrotechnica XIV (August 1992) on "lead-free crackling microstars" and refreshed my thoughts of how this developed then.
In observing the reaction during the burn-testing of individual microstars, they seemed to be similar to a strobe star in that they appeared to have a smolder phase followed by a flash phase (terms used by researchers explaining the strobe effect). In the best crackling microstars, this happened without repeating, i.e., one delay and then "Bang!".
Another observation was that the residue after the effect seemed to leave a metallic strike on the surface of the test plate. I believe the effect reduces the metal oxide (suddenly, loudly and exothermically) to the base metal. This observation lead me to believe the effect is a type of hybrid reaction between a strobe and thermite (thermitic or "Goldschmidt" reactions are sometimes used to "win" fairly pure metal samples from their respective oxides for laboratory samples).
I will leave to you to search more resources and consider for yourself if I'm right in my recollected observations or if I'm missing something. If the latter, please share with us here so we all can be edified.
I have looked into it a lot more, and I am not convinced at all about the mechanism given by Shimuzu. At the time, only lead oxide was known to work. I do agree the overall reaction is a thermite, with the copper/ lead/ bismuth oxide being reduced to the metallic form by the Mg/ Al. The reaction occurs rapidly, for whatever reason, causing the explosion. I've written below what I currently understand.
Shimizu found aluminum alone is responsible for the detonation, magnesium powder alone does not work, but aluminum alone can work. The use of magnalium is important as the magnesium is more reactive, and helps keep the reaction going in the early stages, by reacting and liberating heat.
2) Mg and Al are oxidized to MgO and Al2O3 as the reaction begins to smolder and heat up. The oxygen for this reaction comes from some of the Pb3O4, which, acting as the oxidizer, is reduced to PbO. The oxygen liberated in this reaction then goes to join with the Mg and Al generating a large amount of heat.
3) The magnesium has no further role than to generate heat. Some portion of magnesium remains and will continue to react keeping everything hot. Aluminum alone can be used but will be unreliable and require a hotter prime.
4) The aluminum particles (ideally 60-100 mesh) now exist suspended in a liquid soup of lead oxide, which has melted from all the heat. Pb3O4 decomposes to PbO above 500c, so by this point decomposition has occurred. PbO then melts at 888c.
5) Due to the reaction in step 2, the aluminum particles in the PbO soup are coated in a layer of solid Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) which doesn't melt till 2000c. This layer prevents further reaction with the liquid PbO. The reaction taking place at this point would be PbO -> Pb if it could occur.
6) The temperature continues to rise as the remaining particles of Al and Mg continue to react in various ways. Many reactions are probably taking place at this point which continues to increase the temperature. Suddenly, once the temperature reaches 1500C, the PbO reaches its boiling point and vaporizes. The vapor, unlike the liquid, can diffuse quickly through the Al2O3 layer created in step 5.
1) If the mixture is stopped in the smolder fase and analyzed by microscope, it is found that the Pb3O4 has decomposed to PbO (determined by color change). Indicating it has been reduced by reaction with Al.
We now know other metal oxides to work well, primarily bismuth, but also copper oxide. Clive Jennings-White established the function of bismuth crackle, which we now know to be excellent. Modern research has shown mixtures of CuO and Al to work well also. The boiling point of CuO is 2000C, which would not support the theory proposed by Shimuzu. We also know that other metal oxides work, Manganese and Iron, for example, exhibiting delay and then a flash, but no bang. The delay in these mixtures cannot be attributed to the time it takes to boil the metal oxides, as their boiling points exceed the flame temperature achieved even in the hottest pyrotechnic mixtures.
I have spoken to Clive Jennings-White about this, he favors the self-confinement of the heavy atoms as being critical to creating the effect, which is why lighter metal oxides do not work as well. This would make sense.
Below is my current working theory. I have a few ideas of how to test it, and what I have written here is not complete, but it does fit the data well, better than the metal oxide boiling theory. It also offers some avenues for new formulas, which must be tested.
Thanks, I have read both of those papers. They are by the same guy and are both very good. They analyze data but do not provide a mechanism, and they investigate a somewhat more simple set of formulas.
The reaction can occur without Mg, so the first step is known not to be critical. Aluminum could work in its place. Also, these mixtures work without copper, if the compound Bi2CuO4 is proposed as critical to the mechanism, there must be some other step taking place when copper isn't used.
I've had the best luck trying to wrap my head around this concept as thinking about the dragon egg reaction as sort of a hybrid between a strobe effect and a glitter spritzle. I think the strobe effect is fairly well understood conceptually, or at least ammonium perchlorate strobes. Nitrate based strobes are probably function a lot more similarly to a glitter. AP and metal smolder until a sufficient heat can be generated to initiate the sulfate and metal flash phase, which blows off the smolder shell. Repeat until the star is consumed. Glitter shares some characteristics with this in that there is often a sulfide melt phase on the surface of the particle which is believed to oxidize as it's falling through the air. When a sufficient amount of heat or sulfate, or something builds up, the particle initiates the flash phase. I referenced "Glitter: Chemistry and Techniques" by Lloyd Scott Oglesby in another thread. It may be an interesting read to get a different perspective to view this reaction from.
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