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Multi-scale Patterns: How can 3D/4D models effectively capture both fine-grained and large-scale details in complex scientific datasets, such as fluid and smoke?
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Large-scale Scenes: What techniques can improve the scalability of 3D/4D reconstructions for large environments like cities, forests, or glaciers, without sacrificing accuracy or computational feasibility?
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Heterogeneous Views: How can we effectively integrate data from multiple sources (e.g., satellite, LiDAR, drone, mobile devices) to produce accurate and seamless 3D models while minimizing noise and alignment issues?
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Dynamic and Time-varying Views: What methods can improve temporal coherence in 4D reconstructions of dynamic scenes, such as fast-moving natural systems or urban traffic, while avoiding artifacts?
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Complex and Unstructured Geometries: How can 3D/4D models better handle irregular, unstructured geometries found in natural environments like mountains or coral reefs, particularly in the presence of sharp features?
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Occlusions and Missing Observations: What techniques can be developed to fill gaps in occluded or incomplete data in real-world scenarios, ensuring accurate reconstructions despite missing perspectives or environmental obstacles?
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Computational Complexity: How can we reduce the computational cost of high-quality 3D/4D reconstructions, especially for real-time or large-scale applications that require high-resolution output?
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Generalization and Scene Adaptability: What approaches can help 3D/4D models generalize to new environments without retraining, enabling wider applicability across different scientific domains?
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Real-time Rendering for Dynamic Scenes: How can we achieve real-time rendering for dynamic 4D scenes in complex environments, such as simulating natural disasters or fast-moving ecosystems?
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Lighting and Viewpoint Variations: What novel algorithms can improve the robustness of 3D reconstructions in variable lighting or challenging viewpoints (e.g., low-light conditions or extreme weather)?